Acts 10:5

Acknowledgement in State Constitution.

Thursday, 1 September 2022

Now send men to Joppa, and send for Simon whose surname is Peter. Acts 10:5

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

In the previous verse, Cornelius was told that his prayers and alms had come up for a memorial before God. Because of this, he is told, “Now send men to Joppa.”

The encounter and the directions are not unlike that which were given in Chapter 9 –

“Now there was a certain disciple at Damascus named Ananias; and to him the Lord said in a vision, ‘Ananias.’
And he said, ‘Here I am, Lord.’
11 So the Lord said to him, ‘Arise and go to the street called Straight, and inquire at the house of Judas for one called Saul of Tarsus, for behold, he is praying. 12 And in a vision he has seen a man named Ananias coming in and putting his hand on him, so that he might receive his sight.’” Acts 9:10-12

This time, however, instead of a believing Jew receiving instructions to go to an unbelieving Jew to have his eyes opened, it is a Gentile being told to send men to a believing Jew so that the sender may have his heart rightly turned to God. It is obvious, even before the next clause, that it is Peter who is to be summoned. The account of him in Joppa was just referred to in the last verse of Chapter 9. That thought is confirmed with the words, “and send for Simon.”

Here, his original Jewish name is given. It is what he was known as until Jesus designated him Peter as is recorded in the gospels (see Matthew 16:17-19, Mark 3:16, and Luke 6:14). After that, Luke records, “whose surname is Peter.”

Whatever “surname” meant in the past, it now means a hereditary name common to all members of a family. In this case, his surname would be his father’s name, Bar-Jonah, or “son of Jonah,” seen in Matthew 16. Hence, this more rightly reads, “who is named Peter,” or “who is called Peter.”

Cornelius has been directed to specifically call for Simon who is called Peter. This is to avoid any confusion between him and the man he is staying with, Simon the tanner. Rather than this messenger telling Cornelius the message of Jesus, the responsibility is given to an apostle of Jesus. But more, it is given to Simon Peter. There is a reason for this that will be explained later in the passage.

Life application: A responsibility was laid upon the apostles. That expanded to the disciples as the apostolic age continued and eventually ended. The message of Jesus Christ is a message that has been given to us to share. Angels do not convey it to men, and it would be contradictory for us to think that such would be the case.

Paul says that “faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God” (Romans 10:17). It is true that someone may pick up a Bible or a tract with the gospel and read it and then come to faith. But someone had to translate the Bible, it had to be published, it had to be purchased, it had to be given, and so on.

The responsibility for people to come to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ rests upon us. Just before Paul’s words of Romans 10:17, he said –

“How then shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? And how shall they believe in Him of whom they have not heard? And how shall they hear without a preacher? 15 And how shall they preach unless they are sent?” Romans 10:14, 15

People need to hear the word. The word will not get out unless people get involved in the process. Yes, it is good to support preachers, but it is equally as good for any and all saved believers to also join in the process. As the psalm says, “Let the redeemed of the Lord say so” (Psalm 107:2). Open your mouth and speak. Carry a Bible and pass it on. Have tracts available to share. Be a participant in the great thing God has done and continues to do, even to this day. If not you, then who?

Lord God, how marvelous it was on the day we heard the good news about what Christ had done for us. Someone took the time to share that news, and we were blessed to be included in Him because of it. Help us to carry that thought with us always. Help us to be responsible with our time and abilities by now being included in those who share this wonderful message of hope and truth. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 10:4

A lion called Fortitude.

Wednesday, 31 August 2022

And when he observed him, he was afraid, and said, “What is it, lord?”
So he said to him, “Your prayers and your alms have come up for a memorial before God.
Acts 10:4

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The previous verse is where Cornelius saw in a vision an angel of God having come to him. Now, Luke records, “And when he observed him, he was afraid.”

Both verbs are aorist participles. “And having looked intently on him and having become afraid” (BLB). The word translated as “observed,” atenizó, is one that indicates being completely fixed in staring at something. It is giving full attention to what is seen. One can see hints of the word “attention” in it. Cornelius was praying and, all of a sudden, this messenger was there. This caught his full attention and brought him to a state of terror.

With this state over him, it next records, that he “said, ‘What is it, lord?’” The word kurios is used. It can be used in a reference to the Lord, meaning Yehovah. It can be used as a title of respect to one greater than another, as in, “My lord, what can I do?” It can be used as a title of general respect, such as, “Sir, what is it?” And etc.

In this case, Cornelius understands this a divine messenger, “What is it, lord?” This seems to be the case because of the terror just noted. If it was a senior from his military chain of command, he would have simply said, “Yes, sir, I am almost done praying.” With his state of terror, and with his question spoken, Luke next says, “So he said to him.”

This is now the messenger speaking to Cornelius. He has come for a reason, he has been asked about what his coming is for, and so he now gives a reply, saying, “Your prayers and your alms have come up.”

The same word used to describe the alms the beggar asked for in Acts 3:2 and that also described the charitable deeds of Tabitha in Acts 9:36 is used here. These alms are derived from compassion that is directed to the poor and needy. Those, along with his obviously heartfelt prayers, are said to have ascended. The meaning is that they were as an offering burned on an altar that had then become a fragrant aroma. These are then specifically noted, “for a memorial.”

This is the third and last time that the word mnémosunon, or “memorial,” is seen in the Bible. The word signifies a reminder. It is something that is worth remembering such as in Matthew 26:13 and Mark 14:9, both of which speak of the same event –

“Assuredly, I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be told as a memorial to her.” Matthew 26:13

In this case, the prayers and deeds of Cornelius were something worthy of remembrance, as it says, “before God.” Taken together with the word “ascended,” it is as an offering on an altar that is described in Leviticus. They were a true and complete sacrifice that would otherwise be acceptable to God. They were not enough to save him, however. This is evident based on the rest of the passage.

However, they demonstrate that his heart was set in the right direction. Charles Ellicott states the matter well, as long as it is understood that apart from faith in Jesus (which will come as the chapter continues) his deeds cannot justify him, only his faith can –

“If we ask, in the technical language of a later theology, how they could be accepted when they were offered prior to a clear faith in Christ, and therefore before justification, the answer is that … He was believing in the Light that lighteth every man, though as yet he did not identify that Light with its manifestation in Jesus as the Christ (John 1:9). He had the faith which from the beginning of the world has justified—the belief that God is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him (Hebrews 11:6).” Charles Ellicott

The ellipsis in the quote from Ellicott removes something that may lead to a false sense of what is being said.

Ellicott is close in his analysis, but it must be understood that when he says, “he had the faith which…justified,” it must mean a potential justification, not actual at this time. People all over the world have faith, they do good deeds, and they really believe there is a God that we must answer to. The issue isn’t that they believe this. The issue is, first and foremost, that sin must be dealt with. Abraham was surely the same person before and after the note in Genesis 15:6. But he had to have faith in God’s provision first.

Abraham believed in the Lord (YHVH), and He credited it to Him as righteousness. Cornelius believes in God, in a general sense. Now, in Acts 10, he will be introduced to the Lord (Jesus who is YHVH) and he will believe in a specific sense. This is what brings justification. Sincere people can believe in a false gospel or a false messiah and not be saved. Cornelius has faith and it is now going to be directed to the One who can mediate that faith before God in an acceptable way. That will become explicitly clear in verse 10:43.

Life application: We must never waffle in our theology and say that someone has faith that can save apart from Christ. A person can have great faith and misdirect it and not be saved. Only when the faith is directed to Jesus, the Lord God incarnate, can a person then be saved.

Those of the past who knew of the Lord’s promise of Messiah, such as Job, had the appropriate faith because they had faith, and they believed in the right Person to come. Now, all must believe in the right Person who has come. This may seem like splitting hairs, but it is not. The resolution to man’s problem, meaning sin, must be dealt with. The only One who can deal with it is Jesus who is the Christ (Messiah).

Jesus is the Lord (YHVH). Any other “messiah” is not the Lord (YHVH) and is thus a false messiah. With more revelation has come more precise responsibility. Only through the name of Jesus can man be saved.

Lord God, help us to not error in our wording and thus lead others astray through misunderstanding. May we carefully think through our presentation of the gospel and then give it in a manner that will convict and then heal the person who hears it. Help us in this, O God, that people will come to a right and saving knowledge of Jesus Christ our Lord! Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 10:3

A lion called Integrity.

Tuesday, 30 August 2022

About the ninth hour of the day he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God coming in and saying to him, “Cornelius!” Acts 10:3

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The first two verses of Chapter 10 described the man, Cornelius, and the caliber of person he was. He was truly a man who desired to be pleasing to God, and he desired to be granted His mercy. That can be inferred from the description of him. Now the narrative will reveal that God has read his heart. This begins with the words, “About the ninth hour of the day.”

This would be at 3 pm. It is the time of Israel’s evening sacrifice, and it is the hour that Christ died on the cross –

“Now it was about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. 45 Then the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn in two. 46 And when Jesus had cried out with a loud voice, He said, ‘Father, ‘into Your hands I commit My spirit.’ Having said this, He breathed His last.” Luke 23:44-46

For a fuller description of the significance of this time, refer to the comments in Acts 3:1. There is nothing to suggest that Cornelius was either a proselyte or that he was following the customs of the Jews by praying at this hour. Rather, the previous verse clearly said that he “prayed to God always.” The importance of the hour is to connect it with other events that occurred at this hour in Scripture. Like days of the year, times of the day often bear significance and are used repeatedly to reveal patterns. Next, Luke records, “he saw clearly in a vision.”

The word translated as vision is horama. It was used once by Matthew after the transfiguration. All eleven other uses are found in Acts. It is something that is gazed at, and it is normally supernatural in nature. Cornelius is not asleep, but rather it is as if he is looking through a portal into another dimension. In his vision, he saw “an angel of God coming in.”

The sense of the verb is wrong. The word translated as “coming in” is an aorist participle, “having come.” Cornelius was praying and then there was someone there. As for the word aggelos, or angel, it means a messenger. It can refer to a supernatural being or a human. It is someone sent carrying a message. In this case, he is being sent from God. With that, the verse finishes with, “and saying to him, ‘Cornelius!’”

Again, it is an aorist participle, “and having said to him, ‘Cornelius.’” The sense is that Cornelius was in prayer and may have had his eyes closed or was mentally fixated on his prayer. Suddenly, and without any motion, someone came in and has spoken his name. This is what sets up the reaction coming in the next verse.

Life application: With another interesting and divinely appointed event recorded, it is good to be reminded that the verses in Acts are descriptive in nature. What is recorded about Cornelius’ meeting prescribes nothing. It is simply a record of what transpired, and there is a reason that it has come about.

Without getting too far ahead, the events that took place were necessary to cause the subsequent events to come about. This is especially so with Peter’s trance that will also be recorded in this chapter. But the coming of the messenger to Cornelius is needed to support and confirm what Peter needs to know.

Peter was a Jew, and he was learning about the significance of Christ’s work. He will learn more about it in his encounter with Cornelius. Now, this information is known. It is recorded in Scripture, and there does not need to be a repeat of it in every jungle or grassland, or in every Buddhist or Islamic city. We should neither expect visions and trances, nor are they necessary. The word is recorded, it tells us what we need to know, and it is sufficient for our learning and instruction.

Be wary of anyone who claims they have had an encounter with an angel or with the Lord Himself. Millions have been deceived by such people. Think of Mormonism! Today, there are over sixteen million Mormons. And there have been Mormons for almost two hundred years. Their religion is based on a lie spoken by Joseph Smith concerning an angelic visitation.

This is not an exceptional thing either. Consider the Seventh Day Adventists! There are about twenty-five million members in about ninety-five thousand churches. It is one of the fastest growing and most widespread churches on the planet. And yet it is based on the false visions of Ellen G. White.

There is no need for such things because we have the word of God. Hold fast to it. Trust in Christ alone as He is revealed in Scripture. And save your time concerning that sensational video, movie, or book. You are wasting it if you dive in. Instead, dive into the Bible daily. Get your fill of God’s word!

Glorious God Almighty, thank You for Your precious word. Help us to be rightly focused on what it says and keep us from people that would direct our attention away from it and to that which is of no value. Your word is a light to our feet. It is a lamp for our path. Help us to use it as the illumination for our walk in Your presence for all our days. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 10:2

Entry to Utah state capitol.

Monday, 29 August 2022

a devout man and one who feared God with all his household, who gave alms generously to the people, and prayed to God always. Acts 10:2

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

Cornelius was just introduced into the narrative. He was in Caesarea and was a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment. Luke continues his words concerning him, saying that he was “a devout man.” The Greek simply reads, “devout.” It is a new word to Scripture, eusebés. It signifies pious, God-fearing, devout, etc. The word carries a different sense than that used in Acts 2:5 and 8:2, eulabés.

That word denotes someone who properly takes hold of what is known, such as the law of Moses. This word in verse 10:2 is more like someone who properly esteems or reverences. Cornelius may not have known the true God, but he knew He was there, and he reverenced Him as such. Thus, he was pious.

That alone sets him off as an exceptional person considering his profession. But more, Luke continues to describe him. As he does, and unlike the NKJV rendering, he will use present participles to do so. He says, “and one who feared God.” Rather, “and fearing God.”

Luke is bringing the reader into the constant state of how Cornelius lived. It is a common word that signifies awestruck or being terrified of. The same word is used when Paul was converted. The people didn’t believe that his conversion was true. As such, verse 9:26 says they were afraid of him. Cornelius was truly afraid of the God he knew was there and understood, as humans should, that he was accountable to Him for his actions. This is the sense that is to be derived from the words. This would then explain his piety. He wanted to please God with his life and works. But more, Luke says this was the case “with all his household.”

Even without the revelation of Scripture, Cornelius understood the importance of conveying the right attitude concerning God to his whole household. For example, Proverbs says –

“Train up a child in the way he should go,
And when he is old he will not depart from it.” Proverbs 22:6

Verses such as this in the Old Testament, and many written by Paul in the New, are things that Cornelius understood intuitively. He shared his piety and fear of the Lord with his household, knowing that they too would have to give an account for their actions before God someday.  Luke next says of him that he was one “who gave alms generously to the people.” Rather, “giving many alms to the people.”

The verb is singular. Thus, this is not speaking of the whole household just mentioned, but of Cornelius. The word translated as alms is also a general word found thirteen times in the gospels and Acts. For example, it was used in Acts 3:2, 3:3, and 3:10 when referring to the beggar that was healed by the Lord through Peter.

One can infer that Cornelius was the kind of person to drop money in such a person’s hand. He might see a boy without a shirt and hand him one, and so on. He has a streak of pity and compassion for others that did not go unnoticed. And more, Luke also says of him that he “prayed to God always.” Again, it rather says, “imploring God always.”

The word is deomai. It signifies having a want for oneself. It may be a need, a request, and so on. It is used, for example, in Luke 5:12 –

“And it happened when He was in a certain city, that behold, a man who was full of leprosy saw Jesus; and he fell on his face and implored Him, saying, ‘Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.’”

It seems likely that his imploring of God was for mercy –

* He was a devout man. He truly cared that his actions and heart were pleasing to God. Hence, he understood that there was a disconnect between him and God that needed to be appeased.
* He feared God with all his household. He was truly afraid of God, knowing that he would be judged for what he did in this life.
* He gave alms generously to the people. He didn’t know how to mend the rift between him and God and so he did what he could with his limited knowledge in order to attempt to mend it from his level upwards.

Because of his albeit limited understanding of God, he implored Him, probably with words like, “O God, I know you are there. I know that You are holy and terrifying. I am a vile creature in Your presence, and I need Your mercy lest I be swept away in the final judgment.”

He was less worried about his earthly life than he was about the judgment that he knew would come after it.

Life application: Cornelius knew what all people instinctively know. But instead of dismissing it and going on in life without a care, figuring it was all hopeless anyway, he held fast to what he was certain was true. It is the state of humanity that Paul writes about in Romans 2 –

“For as many as have sinned without law will also perish without law, and as many as have sinned in the law will be judged by the law 13 (for not the hearers of the law are just in the sight of God, but the doers of the law will be justified; 14 for when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do the things in the law, these, although not having the law, are a law to themselves, 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and between themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing them16 in the day when God will judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.” Romans 2:12-16

When you witness to people about Jesus, you will come across some who know that they are already in big trouble with God. They just don’t know what to do about it. For such people, all you need to do is tell them about the grace of God in Christ and they will get it. They will straight away be drawn to this good news.

Others have hidden away this obvious knowledge of God. They may say, “I’m a good person,” or “I’m not as bad as Hitler.” Such people see themselves as a standard, or at least as a point of reference in relation to others. They fail to see themselves in the light of God’s perfection. For such a person, you must first get them to understand that God is perfect and infinitely holy. In order to do this, you present them the law. In seeing that they have not met God’s standards of perfection, they can then be explained about the grace of God in Christ.

Until someone sees himself in relation to the awesome perfection and holiness of God, they will never see the need for a Savior. Be sure to evaluate the person you are giving the gospel to. Amend your presentation based on questions you ask them. Once they realize their state, whatever it may be, then explain how that state is corrected through the cross of Jesus Christ.

Lord God, may we be alert to the state of those around us. Help us to carefully consider how their lives are being lived, and then help us to direct them to the cross of Jesus accordingly. In the end, no sinner is too far from its cleansing power, and no person is good enough to avoid the judgment that it signifies. Help us to rightly explain to all about their great need for Jesus. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Joshua 5:1-9 (The Reproach of Egypt, Part I)

Joshua 5:1-9
The Reproach of Egypt, Part I

As a fun note concerning this chapter, when we were in Numbers 9:1-14 (The Lord’s Passover), which was recorded on 18 November 2018, I mentioned a passage from this chapter in Joshua. Off the top of my head, I said that those born in the wilderness were not circumcised. I then jokingly said, “The reason for that will be addressed when we get to Joshua chapter 5, hopefully around early to mid-2022.” How about them apples…!

Concerning the passage today, as regards the end of the time of wilderness wandering, the scholar Keil somewhat correctly states what the situation for Israel was at that time, and what it meant for them as a people.

I don’t remember what Keil’s view on Israel for today is. I may have read it and forgotten it, or I may not have come across it yet in his commentary. And, since I type the introduction to the sermons last, I was just too tired to go trying to find out.

It doesn’t really matter what he thought because all that matters is what the Bible says. Having said that, if everyone read his commentary, agreed with it, and then understood the typology of what the passages since Numbers 14 anticipate, the doctrine of replacement theology would not exist.

Even without the typology, and if we only had the New Testament writings, it should be painfully obvious to even the poorest of scholars that Israel has not been replaced by the church. It is simply in a non-permanent state of punishment. But bad doctrine is easy, it is often satisfying, and eliminates the need to care about the state of the Jew for those who just don’t care about the state of the Jew. Keil says –

“This clearly means, that not only was the generation that came out of Egypt sentenced to die in the wilderness because of its rebellion against the Lord, and therefore rejected by God, but the sons of this generation had to bear the whoredom, i.e., the apostasy of their fathers from the Lord, for the period of forty years, until the latter had been utterly consumed; that is to say, during all this time they were to endure the punishment of rejection along with their fathers: with this difference alone, that the sons were not to die in the wilderness, but were to be brought into the promised land after their fathers were dead. The sentence upon the fathers, that their bodies should fall in the desert, was unquestionably a rejection of them on the part of God, an abrogation of the covenant with them. This punishment was also to be borne by their sons; and hence the reason why those who were born in the desert by the way were not circumcised. As the covenant of the Lord with the fathers was abrogated, the sons of the rejected generation were not to receive the covenant sign of circumcision. Nevertheless this abrogation of the covenant with the generation that had been condemned, was not a complete dissolution of the covenant relation, so far as the nation as a whole was concerned, since the whole nation had not been rejected, but only the generation of men that were capable of bearing arms when they came out of Egypt, whilst the younger generation which had grown up in the desert was to be delivered from the ban, which rested upon it as well, and brought into the land of Canaan when the time of punishment had expired. For this reason the Lord did not withdraw from the nation every sign of His grace; but in order that the consciousness might still be sustained in the young and rising generation, that the covenant would be set up again with them when the time of punishment had expired, He left them not only the presence of the pillar of cloud and fire, but also the manna and other tokens of His grace, the continuance of which therefore cannot be adduced as an argument against our view of the time of punishment as a temporary suspension of the covenant.”

Text Verse: “For who, having heard, rebelled? Indeed, was it not all who came out of Egypt, led by Moses? 17 Now with whom was He angry forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose corpses fell in the wilderness? 18 And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey? 19 So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.” Hebrews 3:16-19

With just a few amendments to Keil’s thoughts, he is right. I would disagree with the idea of an abrogation of the covenant, and the idea of a “temporary suspension of the covenant.” In other words, it is true that what occurred “was not a complete dissolution of the covenant relation, so far as the nation as a whole was concerned.”

But more, it is not a dissolution of the covenant for any of them. This is exactly why they wandered in the wilderness. It was because they were under the punishment of the covenant. The same is true with Israel of today.

They have been under the curses of the covenant, and they remain under the curses even now. The lack of being circumcised does not show an abrogation of the covenant. Rather, it shows their state under the covenant, a state which is out of a proper covenant relationship.

God did not reject the nation, but only those who rejected Him. And God has not rejected His people Israel to this day. He has just rejected those who rejected Him and those who continue to reject Him. Any who come outside the camp at this time can be saved. Someday, the entire camp will be saved.

This is the greatness of God. The disobedient nation will be made whole again someday. And disobedient us, meaning those who have come to Christ for salvation, shall be made whole someday as well. Both are absolute assurances that are to be found in His superior word. And so, let us turn to that precious word once again and… May God speak to us through His word today, and may His glorious name ever be praised.

I. The Hill of Foreskins (verses 1-5)

The words of Joshua 5 should be considered in conjunction with the final words of Joshua 4 –

for the Lord your God dried up the waters of the Jordan before you until you had crossed over, as the Lord your God did to the Red Sea, which He dried up before us until we had crossed over, 24 that all the peoples of the earth may know the hand of the Lord, that it is mighty, that you may fear the Lord your God forever.” Joshua 4:23, 2

What is said there immediately begins to be realized now…

So it was, when all the kings of the Amorites who were on the west side of the Jordan,

More literally it reads: “And it was, according to hearing all kings the Amorite who in side the Jordan, westward.” The people group is spoken of in the singular. Despite being many tribes, they are a united people. This is then further explained by their location, which is westward of the Jordan.

The Amorite people under Sihon and Og that were east of the Jordan had already been subdued in battle, but more Amorites lay to the west. In other words, their own people, under these great kings, had been obliterated. Now, the same group that had obliterated their people to the east was on their side of the river, and the Israelites were surely ready to snuff them out as well. Further…

1 (con’t) and all the kings of the Canaanites who were by the sea,

Again, it is singular: “and all kings, the Canaanite, who upon the sea.” Together, these two people groups – the Amorite and the Canaanite – stand for all of the people groups that are mentioned elsewhere, such as the Hittites, Jebusites, and so on.

The term “upon the sea” means that they lived on its shores. Which sea is being referred to is debated, but Numbers 13 says –

“The Amalekites dwell in the land of the South; the Hittites, the Jebusites, and the Amorites dwell in the mountains; and the Canaanites dwell by the sea and along the banks of the Jordan.” Numbers 13:29

Even with this, it is hard to be dogmatic, but it appears to be what is currently being referred to. No matter what, the Amorite and the Canaanite are the two predominant groups in Canaan proper. These groups…

1 (con’t) heard that the Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel

The event would be known and talked about throughout the land almost immediately. It is not something that could be hidden from the ears of everyone. Knowing the account of the Red Sea, as Rahab already acknowledged they did, would make the event even more pronounced and terrifying.

What was once an account that could have been considered fiction was now validated by the cutting off of the waters of the Jordan. As the Lord had done this, it would truly shout out doom to all who heard what had transpired. They hadn’t just forded the river, but they had walked on dry ground…

1 (con’t) until we had crossed over,

Many manuscripts here say, “until they had crossed over.” The Masoretic text supplies that as the verbal reading as well. Because of this, many translations also say “they.” But the true reading is probably “we.” If it is Joshua who wrote the words, it would be natural to say this. If it was someone else, the same is true. The writer was an Israelite, and he has written the account as such.

1 (con’t) that their heart melted; and there was no spirit in them any longer because of the children of Israel.

A literal reading will show the closeness to what Rahab had said even before Israel’s crossing of the Jordan: “and melted their heart, and no is there again spirit before sons Israel.” It is very close to what Rahab had said: “and we heard and melted our hearts, and no stood again spirit in man from before you.”

One can see that the terror which already existed has come around again and is even multiplied by the events that are now taking place. With that noted, something important next happens…

At that time the Lord said to Joshua,

As before, there is a direction from the Lord that will be followed by obedience to the command. A purposeful act is directed to take place, and it is one that anticipates something that is still awaiting fulfillment today. The pictures of the past anticipate events that really will occur as redemptive history continues…

2 (con’t) “Make flint knives for yourself,

aseh lekha kharvoth tsurim – “Make to you (sg.) swords, rocks.” Some translations paraphrase this saying “sharp swords,” or “sharp knives.” Saying knives is technically correct, but it is the same word translated as sword, coming from the verb kharav, meaning to be dry or dried up. It is also identical to the name Horeb, the mountain where the law was given.

It is also connected to the word used to describe the dry ground of the Jordan in Joshua 3:17 and 4:18 and the dry ground of the Red Sea in Exodus 14:21.

Also, the word “rock,” is the same word used to describe the Lord several times in the Song of Moses and in typology elsewhere. Together, the two appear to be forming a picture for us to consider, and which will be explained as we continue.

As an interesting side note, there is an addition to the Greek translation of Joshua 24:30 that is not found in the Hebrew –

And they buried him by the borders of his inheritance in Thamnasarach in the mount of Ephraim, northward of the mount of Galaad: there they put with him into the tomb in which they buried him, the knives of stone with which he circumcised the children of Israel in Galgala, when he brought them out of Egypt, as the Lord appointed them; and there they are to this day.” Joshua 24:30 (Brenton Septuagint).

Joshua is to take these flint knives…

2 (con’t) and circumcise the sons of Israel again the second time.”

Rather than “again,” it reads: v’shuv mol eth bene Yisrael shenith – “and return, circumcise sons Israel second.” During the time of wilderness wanderings, meaning judgment upon the people which began in Numbers 14, the people had not received the sign of the covenant. As such, this was the first requisite to be accomplished in order to be considered as restored under the covenant.

The word “second” is given to define who was to be circumcised, the explanation of which is given in the coming verses.

So Joshua made flint knives for himself,

va’yaas lo Yehoshua kharvoth tsurim – “And made to him Joshua swords, rocks.” In exact compliance with the command, Joshua alone is said to have made them. Regardless as to whether others helped or actually made them, the text speaks only of Joshua doing this. The same is true with the next clause…

3 (con’t) and circumcised the sons of Israel

va’yamal eth bene Yisrael – “and (he – sg.) circumcised sons Israel.” Considering the huge number of people to be circumcised, it seems impossible for one man to accomplish this. In fact, assuming there were only 600,000 males eight days or older that needed to be circumcised (probably a low estimation), it would take more than a decade for one person, working nonstop, to do so.

An internet search says a circumcision takes about 10 minutes to perform. That comes out to 100,000 hours for 600,000 men. That, in turn, comes out to 4,166 days. Even if Joshua did this in one minute per person, it would still be well over a year, working 24 hours a day, to do this.

Obviously, for this to have been completed in a day, many people would have been involved. And yet, it only says that Joshua did it. As the representative of his people, it is acceptable to say it this way, but it is necessary for the typology that is being conveyed. As for the location, it is given a name because of the immense number of skins. It is…

3 (con’t) at the hill of the foreskins.

el givath ha’aralot – “into hill the foreskins.” The Aramaic Bible says, “in The Hill of the Uncircumcised.” The word means both “foreskin” and “uncircumcised” because having foreskin implies being uncircumcised. Hence, their translation looks to the state of the past, toward the state of the present, and into the future.

Almost all commentaries state that the name of the hill where this was accomplished was afterward called by this name. However, due to the incredible number of foreskins, I would say that the hill was made out of foreskins which were then buried. It would make a large mound.

Again, an internet search says a foreskin is about three inches long. Assuming that there are 600,000 people (again, this is probably a low estimate because of children from eight days old and up), that comes out to 1041.7 cubic feet. That alone is its own hill.

Therefore, my assumption is that the hill is formed out of them, and it received its name because of this. It is only speculation, but it adds emphasis to the enormity of what occurred. Regardless of this, either way, a reason is given for what has transpired…

And this is the reason why Joshua circumcised them:

v’zeh ha’davar asher mal Yehoshua – “And this the word which circumcised, Joshua.” Again, the act of circumcision is credited to Joshua, regardless as to whoever participated in performing the rite. He is the leader, and it is he alone who is named as the primary force behind the action. This act was accomplished because…

4 (con’t) All the people who came out of Egypt who were males,

It reads, “all the people, the goers out from Egypt, the males.” The word is zakar, a male. It comes from the verb zakar, meaning “to remember.” Hence, they are “the remembered” as being the most noteworthy sex because it speaks of the form which defines him as a man.

In other words, it is what visibly defines a man as a man. As a man, he is the head of the woman and the one from whom the woman was made. It is the man who was to be circumcised according to Genesis 17, and that which was later included in the Law of Moses.

As has been relayed in numerous sermons, circumcision anticipates Christ. Man is the one who was given the command in the garden and who then sinned. It is implicit in Scripture that it is through the issue of the man that sin transfers.

But there is more to the symbolism than that. In the rite of circumcision, the organ of man – that which is the organ of remembrance – a picture is developed. When a man is circumcised, the form of the organ is changed, and thus the organ of remembrance is changed.

It is now a memorial, a sign, that reflects the coming of Christ who would be without sin. The line of sin is “cut” in Him, and this is what is anticipated in the rite. These men had not been circumcised, and thus, they were considered unclean in this regard. There was no connection to the Messiah in their uncircumcision.

It is this that Joshua is now correcting. But more, it is what has already been implicitly seen in Joshua 4 where the word zikaron, or memorial, was used. That also comes from zakar, or to remember.

At that time, in explanation of the twelve stones that were set up, we noted that the pile was a memorial in itself to the covenant that is derived from what occurred, and the covenant was set forth as twelve stones. Twelve being “the perfection of government, or of governmental perfection” (Bullinger).

One cannot have a government without a body to be governed. Those men (zakar) who were in the wilderness and who died did so according to their state of remembrance, as if uncircumcised, even if they were circumcised in the flesh.

Those that are now being circumcised form this new body represented by that memorial (zikaron). As males, they stand as representative of all the people, women included. Those males who died in the wilderness are next defined as…

4 (con’t) all the men of war,

kol anshe ha’mikhamah – “all men the war.” Here, a different word for man is used, enosh. It is a word coming from anash, meaning to be weak or sick. As such, it is a mortal. Being men of war, it signifies their age as being acceptable for battle. These mortal men…

4 (con’t) had died in the wilderness on the way, after they had come out of Egypt.

metu ba’midbar ba’derek b’ts’tem mi’mitsrayim – “had died in the wilderness in the way in their coming out from Egypt.” This is referring to those who had rebelled against the Lord and who had been sentenced to die in the wilderness. It excludes Joshua, Caleb, and those who were not of age at the time –

“The carcasses of you who have complained against Me shall fall in this wilderness, all of you who were numbered, according to your entire number, from twenty years old and above. 30 Except for Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun, you shall by no means enter the land which I swore I would make you dwell in.” Numbers 14:29, 30

Those alive and who were nineteen and younger had obviously been circumcised, and so they would not be included in the number, but everyone younger than approximately 38.8 years old would have been uncircumcised based on those who departed Sinai in Numbers 10:11 –

“Now it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from above the tabernacle of the Testimony.” Numbers 10:11

These people lived out their lives in a state of uncircumcision along with those who were sentenced because of the sins of their fathers. The details continue with the next words…

For all the people who came out had been circumcised,

This is referring to those in the previous verse. The structure of the Hebrew indicates that everyone who was born in Egypt, and who had subsequently departed in the Exodus, had been circumcised according to the customs handed down by Moses. On the other hand, it next says…

5 (con’t) but all the people born in the wilderness, on the way as they came out of Egypt, had not been circumcised.

The translation isn’t clear enough because of the timeframe involved: “and all the people the born (pl.) in the wilderness in the way in their coming out from Egypt, no circumcised.”

It isn’t that the people had come out of Egypt, and were no longer coming out of Egypt. The entire process, from Exodus until they arrived in Canaan, is considered as coming out. Until they entered, they were on their way out of Egypt. It is an important point to consider.

As for the words of verse 2, they are explained in what is stated here in verses 4 & 5. There it said, “and return, circumcise sons Israel second.” It is referring to circumcising the second generation, not a second circumcising of the people.

The generation that had rejected the Lord was punished according to the word of the Lord –

“So the Lord’s anger was aroused against Israel, and He made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation that had done evil in the sight of the Lord was gone.” Numbers 32:13

This is seen to be correct in the next words, and it prefigures what is being seen in type and picture which will be looked at later…

Circumcise your hearts to the Lord this day
Trust Him and believe His spoken word
This is the thing you are to obey
Attentively pay heed to what you have heard

And the Lord will roll the reproach from you
He will put you in a right standing once again
Don’t do those things your fathers were prone to do
Don’t be like those disobedient men

He offers you restoration if you will just pay heed
Be attentive to the word you have heard
Live your lives rightly in word and in deed
Yes, be sure to live according to His word

II. A Land Flowing with Milk and Honey (verses 6-9)

For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness,

The forty-year period is the total time in the wilderness even though the actual sentencing only came after the transgression recorded in Numbers 14:33. That was well over a year after the Exodus. This forty-year period was noted several times in Deuteronomy as well. This time of wandering was given…

6 (con’t) till all the people who were men of war, who came out of Egypt, were consumed,

It is incorrect. It refers first to the nation, not individual people: ad tom kal ha’goy anshe ha’milkhamah ha’yotseim mi’mitsraim – “until finished all the nation men the war the comers out from Egypt.”

As we saw in Joshua 4, the term ha’goy is used at times when speaking of the nations of Gentiles and the nation of Israel when they are in a state of disobedience. That is exactly what is seen here with this unbelieving nation.

And so, the sentence was upon the entire nation which is then broken down into the men of war, meaning those old enough to be accountable for their actions, and who represent all the people, by not entering Canaan in order to possess the land. As it next says…

6 (con’t) because they did not obey the voice of the Lord

asher lo shameu b’qol Yehovah – “which no heard in voice Yehovah.” The word “obey” is a correct translation. The word means to hear, but in hearing, there is to be belief in the word. That is equated to obedience to the voice. This did not happen. That was clearly seen in our text verse where the words “obey,” and “belief” were both used to describe them.

6 (con’t) —to whom the Lord swore that He would not show them the land which the Lord had sworn to their fathers that He would give us,

The Hebrew is a bit more precise: “whom swore Yehovah to them to not show them the land which swore Yehovah to their fathers to give to us.” Notice again that the first person “to us” is used. The Lord had sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that the land would be given to them, but due to their lack of faith, it was denied them. This land is…

6 (con’t) “a land flowing with milk and honey.”

This is the only time that the phrase is mentioned in Joshua. It was mentioned six times in Deuteronomy, and every time it was accompanied by a note concerning the fathers in the immediate context. That is the same now in Joshua. It is a good land and one that comes by promise. As this is the only time the term is used in Joshua, it would be good to review its meaning again.

A land flowing with milk and honey implies richness and fertility. Milk comes from cows and so it means abundant pasture lands. Honey comes from bees which pollinate flowers and so it implies all sorts of fruit trees, herbs, and flowers.

And more, for Israel, the term “a land flowing with milk and honey” will also possess a spiritual connotation. For them, it doesn’t just speak of the physical abundance but also of spiritual abundance because of the Lord, and because they are the Lord’s people, through whom the word of God comes.

The word of God is said to be sweeter than honey. It is also equated with milk which nourishes. Thus, this is a reference to that as well. The land would literally flow with milk and honey for sustaining Israel’s physical lives. It would also flow with milk and honey for sustaining their spiritual lives.

All of this was being given to them, but it had been denied to those who failed to believe the voice of the Lord. For those now entering, they had done nothing to deserve it, but it was simply an act of grace based upon a promise to their fathers. The Lord promised, He has fulfilled, and He has now delivered. With that noted, it next says…

Then Joshua circumcised their sons whom He raised up in their place;

This confirms the words of verse 3, once again stating that Joshua accomplished the action. In reality, this could be accomplished by others though, such as when Paul circumcised Timothy in Acts 16. As such, the procedure could have been done in a rather short amount of time.

For the typology, however, only Joshua is mentioned as accomplishing the act. This reason for the rite is next stated again…

7 (con’t) for they were uncircumcised, because they had not been circumcised on the way.

As we noted in the introduction, Keil was partly right in his comments there. The punishment was to be borne by the sons. As such, they were not circumcised. It didn’t mean they were not under the covenant, but that they were not in a right standing under the covenant.

This is exactly what took place and why no circumcision occurred. It is also a perfect match to the typology that we have seen and continue to see concerning Israel of today. Several points for both the wilderness generation and the generation who rejected Christ, can be noted:

  • This is a witness to the Lord’s acceptance of the people as being in a right covenant relationship. The sign of circumcision testifies to it. As such, the guilt of the fathers would no longer be laid upon them.
  • They would now be acceptable to observe the Passover.
  • With the sign of the covenant upon them, they would now be granted that which was promised to the fathers.

With the rite complete, it next says…

So it was, when they had finished circumcising all the people,

Again, it refers to the nation, not the individual people – “And it came to pass according to which finished all the nation to be circumcised.” The corporate nature of the words is not to be missed.

If a bunch of people from other nations came together, you could say, “All the people who came today were circumcised.” But with the words here, it is a corporate entity comprised of individuals. After this occurred, it came to pass…

8 (con’t) that they stayed in their places in the camp till they were healed.

va’yeshevu takhtam ba’makhaneh ad khayotam – “And they sat in their place in the camp until they were living.” There appears to be an irony in the words here. In the previous verse, it said while speaking of the sons replacing the disobedient generation, “And their sons He raised up in their place (takhtam).” It now says of those sons, “and they sat in their place (takhtam) in the camp.”

Despite the pain of healing, the words are reminiscent of the words of Psalm 133 where the same word, yashav, or sit, is used. It speaks of those who are united as one and the blessing of sitting together in that state. If one understands the typology here in Joshua, the psalm could not be more perfect to the occasion –

“Behold, how good and how pleasant it is
For brethren to dwell together in unity! [properly: to sit down]
It is like the precious oil upon the head,
Running down on the beard,
The beard of Aaron,
Running down on the edge of his garments.
It is like the dew of Hermon,
Descending upon the mountains of Zion;
For there the Lord commanded the blessing—
Life forevermore.” Psalm 133

The fathers had died, the Lord raised up sons in their place, and they sat in their place until they were “living.” As for the time of healing, it is known that it takes between seven and ten days for a person to heal from this rite. This is an important point to consider when we get to next week’s verses. This is seen, for example, in Genesis 34 –

“Now it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and came boldly upon the city and killed all the males.” Genesis 34:25

Because of this, I suggest that what is detailed in the verses next week is not the time people may normally think it is when reading them. What I present will be based on what has been seen and what will next be recorded. As for the rite of circumcision being complete, with this noted, the Lord again speaks…

Then the Lord said to Joshua, “This day I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.”

There are a wide variety of opinions about what “the reproach of Egypt” means, but in considering the typology, it does seem obvious. In Numbers 14:4, it said, “So they said to one another, ‘Let us select a leader and return to Egypt.’”

This thought is repeated by Stephen in Acts 7:39. Instead of entering into the promised rest, the people had rejected the Lord, they had broken the Mosaic Covenant, and they had desired to go back to the bondage of Egypt.

As such, they had lost the right to the sign of the covenant, circumcision. They were in a state of uncircumcision and stuck under the bondage (Galatians 4:24) of the very law that they had rejected. This means that they were under the punishment of the law with no chance of entering into the promised rest on a national level.

With the crossing of the Jordan, and with the return of the sign of circumcision, they were now restored to the divine favor of Yehovah. Remembering the typology of the past sermons, it should be evident what is being pictured. If not, it will be explained in the next sermon as the chapter is complete.

With the people back in right covenant standing, the verses for today end with…

*9 (fin) Therefore the name of the place is called Gilgal to this day.

As we saw in the previous sermon, Gilgal comes from the word gilgal, meaning a wheel. It thus means, A Circle, A Wheel, or, figuratively Liberty (as in a rolling away).

This is exactly what has occurred. The people have the reproach of their actions rolled off of them and they stand in a position of liberty because of being in a right covenant standing with the Lord.

For Israel at Joshua’s time, it still meant the bondage of the law was upon them, but the law provided for atonement of sins and a propitious relationship with the Lord. For what this is picturing in Christ, it goes beyond the law. Considering the previous sermons, it is perfectly evident.

As we saw at the beginning of the sermon with Keil’s lengthy commentary, which was mostly correct, if people can see that what he said doesn’t just apply to the wilderness generation, but to all of the time of the law, there wouldn’t be a believing Christian on the planet that would hold to replacement theology.

It would be perfectly clear that once the covenant is made, God will never fail to uphold His side of it. Everything we have seen since Numbers 14 continues to be seen in the people and nation of Israel to this day. Their extreme unfaithfulness in no way negates the Lord’s faithfulness.

And if we can understand that Israel as a nation is a template for the individual believer’s position in Christ, then we would not make the unfounded and egregious error in thinking that claims that a person can lose his salvation.

When God casts off Israel and breaks His covenant with them, you can start worrying about your own salvation. But as He has not yet done that, through two thousand years of unfaithfulness on their part (actually more, because they were never really faithful to Him), and as the book is written that tells us He will bring them to Himself, you really have no need to worry about your failing Him to the point of being cut off.

As this is so, we should strive all the more, not less (how perverse to even think it!) to be pleasing to Him. When we fail, we can reengage and thank Him for His infinite grace for continuing to accept us through such times.

Closing Verse: “Thus says the Lord,
Who gives the sun for a light by day,
The ordinances of the moon and the stars for a light by night,
Who disturbs the sea,
And its waves roar
(The Lord of hosts is His name):
36 ‘If those ordinances depart
From before Me, says the Lord,
Then the seed of Israel shall also cease
From being a nation before Me forever.’
37 Thus says the Lord:
‘If heaven above can be measured,
And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath,
I will also cast off all the seed of Israel
For all that they have done, says the Lord.’” Jeremiah 31:35-37

Next Week: Joshua 5:10-15 From their backs, it has been stripped, it is true… (The Reproach of Egypt, Part II) (10th Joshua Sermon)

The Lord has you exactly where He wants you. He has a good plan and purpose for you. It is He who has defeated the enemy and who now offers His people rest. So, follow Him and trust Him and He will do marvelous things for you and through you. 

The Reproach of Egypt, Part I

So it was, when all the kings of the Amorites
Who were on the Jordan’s west side
And all the kings of the Canaanites
Who were by the sea, where they did abide

Heard that the Lord had dried up the waters
Of the Jordan from before the children of Israel
Until we had crossed over
That their heart melted, fearing things would not go so well

And there was no spirit in them any longer
Because of the children of Israel, whose God is surely stronger

At that time the Lord said to Joshua
“Make flint knives for yourself, not for committing a crime
And circumcise the sons of Israel
Again the second time”

So Joshua made flint knives for himself as the task begins
And circumcised the sons of Israel at the hill of the foreskins

And this is the reason why Joshua circumcised them:
All the people who came out of Egypt who were males,
All the men of war, had died in the wilderness on the way
After they had come out of Egypt, who followed Satan’s tales

For all the people who came out had been circumcised
But all the people born in the wilderness
On the way as they came out of Egypt
Had not been circumcised; their lives were a total mess

For the children of Israel
Walked forty years in the wilderness, a wandering horde
Till all the people who were men of war, who came out of Egypt
Were consumed, because they did not obey the voice of the Lord

To whom the Lord swore
That He would not show them the land
———-not for a million in cash money
Which the Lord had sworn to their fathers
That He would give us, “a land flowing with milk and honey”

Then Joshua circumcised their sons
Whom He raised up in their place that day
For they were uncircumcised
Because they had not been circumcised on the way

So it was, when they had finished
Circumcising all the people; in this covenant they were sealed
That they stayed in their places in the camp
Till they were healed

Then the Lord said to Joshua
“This day I have rolled away
The reproach of Egypt from you”
Therefore the name of the place is called Gilgal to this day

Lord God, turn our hearts to be obedient to Your word
Give us wisdom to be ever faithful to You
May we carefully heed each thing we have heard
Yes, Lord God may our hearts be faithful and true

And we shall be content and satisfied in You alone
We will follow You as we sing our songs of praise
Hallelujah to You; to us Your path You have shown
Hallelujah we shall sing to You for all of our days

Hallelujah and Amen…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

So it was, when all the kings of the Amorites who were on the west side of the Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites who were by the sea, heard that the Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel until we had crossed over, that their heart melted; and there was no spirit in them any longer because of the children of Israel.

At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make flint knives for yourself, and circumcise the sons of Israel again the second time.” So Joshua made flint knives for himself, and circumcised the sons of Israel at the hill of the foreskins. And this is the reason why Joshua circumcised them: All the people who came out of Egypt who were males, all the men of war, had died in the wilderness on the way, after they had come out of Egypt. For all the people who came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness, on the way as they came out of Egypt, had not been circumcised. For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the people who were men of war, who came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they did not obey the voice of the Lord—to whom the Lord swore that He would not show them the land which the Lord had sworn to their fathers that He would give us, “a land flowing with milk and honey.” Then Joshua circumcised their sons whom He raised up in their place; for they were uncircumcised, because they had not been circumcised on the way.

So it was, when they had finished circumcising all the people, that they stayed in their places in the camp till they were healed. Then the Lord said to Joshua, “This day I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” Therefore the name of the place is called Gilgal to this day.