Matthew 23:5

Wednesday, 30 September 2026

But all their works they do to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad and enlarge the borders of their garments. Matthew 23:5

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at the “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

“All, also, the ‘deeds, theirs’, they do to ‘see’, the men. They widen, also, the ‘phylacteries, theirs’, and they enlarge the ‘tassels, the cloaks, theirs’.” (CG)

In the previous verse, Jesus noted that the scribes and Pharisees bind heavy burdens on the shoulders of men, but they are unwilling to move them with one of their own fingers. He continues excoriating them, saying, “All, also, the ‘deeds, theirs’, they do to ‘see’, the men.”

Jesus speaks of this elsewhere, such as people making long, showy prayers for everyone to hear. Some people have attention magnets stuck all over them, begging for everyone around them to see them and notice how interesting and important they are… in their own eyes.

The scribes and Pharisees were a lot like this, wanting everyone to notice them and everything they did. Their deeds were calculated for maximum exposure to the eyes around them. If they brought gifts to the temple, they were the types who would gladly tie bells to them so that with every step they took, the bells would ring and their offering would be seen by everyone – ohhhh, ahhhhh.

You know the types. They fill many churches around the world today. It is a ‘me-centered’ religion, even if it supposedly is directed toward the Lord. Jesus continues, saying, “They widen, also, the ‘phylacteries, theirs’.”

A couple of new words are seen. The first is platunó, to widen, make broad, enlarge, etc. It can be used figuratively, as in opening wide one’s affections. The next new word is phulaktérion. Vincent’s Word Studies describes these –

Phylacteries, called by the Rabbis tephillin, prayer-fillets, were worn on the left arm, toward the heart, and on the forehead. They were capsules containing on parchment these four passages of Scripture: Exodus 13:1-10; Exodus 13:11-16; Deuteronomy 6:4-9; Deuteronomy 11:13-21. That for the head was to consist of a box with four compartments, each containing a slip of parchment inscribed with one of the four passages. Each of these slips was to be tied up with well-washed hair from a calf’s tail; lest, if tied with wool or thread, any fungoid growth should ever pollute them. The phylactery of the arm was to contain a single slip, with the same four passages written in four columns of seven lines each. The black leather straps by which they were fastened were wound seven times round the arm and three times round the hand. They were reverenced by the Rabbis as highly as the scriptures, and, like them, might be rescued from the flames on a Sabbath. They profanely imagined that God wore the tephillin.

Jesus next says, “and they enlarge the ‘tassels, the cloaks, theirs’.”

Another new word is seen, megalunó. It signifies to make or declare great. As such, it can signify to exalt or magnify. In this case, the tassels they were commanded to wear on their garments according to the law were made into long, showy tassels. One gets the sense of “Hey, look at how religious I am! I have super long tassels, proving that I am super fulfilling the law mandated by the Lord through Moses.”

One can almost see them hoping for people to come and get their autographs.

Life application: If you have faith in the Lord, and if you are truly in love with Him and what He has done for you, what more do you need in regard to man’s approval? The answer should be obvious. You don’t need it.

When you have the favor of the King of the universe, there is no need to impress others. Rather, you can spend your time working on a proper relationship with Him. When you fail in one way or another, you are still motivated to work on the relationship through acknowledging your faults and moving on

If you are living your life in this manner, you will find there is neither the time nor the need to impress others. Be content in your faith, and live your life for the Lord. That is a life well spent.

O God, how wonderful it is to know You and to share in Your goodness. Help us to not seek the world’s attention or try to impress others with our faith, except as they want to know why we are filled with joy. In this, may others want to know You personally and intimately. May it be so, to Your glory. Amen.

Matthew 23:4

Tuesday, 29 September 2026

For they bind heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers. Matthew 23:4

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at the “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

“They bind, indeed, burdens, weighty and oppressive, and they lay upon the ‘shoulders, the men’. The, also ‘finger, theirs’, not they will to stir them.” (CG).

In the previous verse, Jesus told those He was talking to that they were to guard and do the things the scribes and Pharisees told them to do, but they should not do according to their works. He next explains why, saying, “They bind, indeed, burdens, weighty and oppressive.”

Three new words are seen here. The first is desmeuó, to be a binder. This includes the thought of enchaining a prisoner or tying a load on another. It is from desmos, a chain, bond, band, etc. One gets the sense of these men putting fetters on others, binding them with loads that burden them.

The next new word is barus, weighty, as in burdensome or grievous. The third word is dusbastaktos, an adjective signifying something oppressive or grievous to be borne. It is derived from dus, hard or grievous, and bastazó, to bear or carry. Thus, it signifies a load that is miserable to carry around. One easily gets the sense of Jesus’ words.

It is as if these men have bound those under them with fetters attached to balls and chains, weighing them down and causing them to be oppressed and grievously burdened. And more, Jesus says, “and they lay upon the ‘shoulders, the men’.”

Another new word is seen, ómos, the shoulder. Strong believes it may be derived from the alternate of the word pheró, to bring or carry. The NAS Concordance thinks it is a primary word. Either way, it refers to the shoulder. It will only be seen again in Luke 15:5.

One can think of Jacob Marley from A Christmas Carol, weighed down and burdened with the torments that oppressed him. Jesus says that this is what the doctrines of these men were like. And more, He says, “the, also ‘finger, theirs’, not they will to stir them.”

Two more new words are seen. The first is daktulos, the finger. It is probably derived from deka, ten, the normal number of digits a person has on his hands. The last new word of the verse is kineó, to stir. It is from kio, to go. It can be used literally or figuratively to indicate movement in various ways, such as moving through life, provoking others into an insurrection, and so on.

One can see the ancient granddaddy of our word kinetic. That is derived from kinetikos, which is from kinein, a word cognate to kineó. The imagery is that of people overburdened by the rules and regulations of these religious leaders. They are grievously burdened, unable to move through life with any source of freedom or enjoyment. And yet, these men won’t assist them in the slightest.

Life application: Although the people of Israel had the law and they were expected to live under it and by it, the additional burdens cast upon the people only made their lives more difficult. The law itself was already a burden the people could not carry –

 “Now therefore, why do you test God by putting a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? 11 But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved in the same manner as they.” Acts 15:10, 11

Peter, a man who was born and lived under the law, saw this and understood it to be true. He also knew that Jesus fulfilled the law for those who were under it. As such, that yoke was removed from the people when they came to Christ.

And yet, there are people today who reimpose the law upon people of Israel who never properly lived their lives under the law. But as soon as they profess Christ, some heretic comes along and tells them that they have to observe Moses. And more, they take people who were never under the law, meaning any non-Jewish person on the planet, and they tell them they must now observe Moses!

Think of it. These are the scribes and Pharisees of today. They cast a burden on those they instruct that the people of Israel were never able to bear and that the Gentiles never had to bear. Instead of leading them to Christ, who is the fulfillment of these things, they lead people into the bondage of legalism and law observance.

If Jesus’ words about the scribes and Pharisees are actively condemning of them and their actions, imagine how much trouble these false teachers will be in! And more, if all of Israel were swept away because of the teaching of its leaders, how much more do you suppose those who follow these law-observing heretics will also receive their just condemnation?

It is hard to imagine how thoroughly duped people allow themselves to be. But there is a remedy. Pick up the Bible and read it! In the Bible, one finds freedom in Christ. May you find it today.

Lord God, help us to live our lives faithfully in Christ Jesus our Lord, trusting in His fulfillment of all works necessary to restore us to You. We can rest in His accomplished word, apart from any deeds of our own. Hallelujah and amen.

 

Matthew 23:3

Monday, 28 September 2026

Therefore whatever they tell you to observe, that observe and do, but do not do according to their works; for they say, and do not do. Matthew 23:3

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at the “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

“All, therefore, as much if they might say to you to guard, you guard, and you do. According, also, to their works, not you do. They say, indeed, and not they do.” (CG).

In the previous verse, Jesus told those He was talking to that the scribes and the Pharisees sat in Moses’ seat. Because of this, He continues, “All, therefore, as much if they might say to you to guard, you guard, and you do.”

The instruction from Jesus is that those things taught by the scribes and Pharisees were to be kept (guarded) and done. Naturally, there are many views on what exactly this means. But Jesus just said that they sit on Moses’ bench. Therefore, this pertains to those things that are demanded by the law.

For example, the law says in Deuteronomy 19:15-21 that matters were to be brought before the priests and judges “who serve in those days.” The matter was to be presented, and a ruling was to be made for one and against another. This was considered binding, just as when someone goes before a court today.

Likewise, there may be a dispute about a matter of law, a point concerning tithing, for example. Such a matter was to be raised to the appropriate level, a decision was to be made, and it was to be followed. There were also matters that could not be handled by these men because Rome reserved the right to decide them. Therefore, such a ruling would not apply to Jesus’ “all.”

Those things that belonged within the realm of their authority were to be guarded and done. However, Jesus continues, saying, “According, also, to their works, not you do.”

Suppose in America you have a judge who has authority to render a decision on a matter. When the decision is made, it is expected to be complied with. However, that same judge is a sexual deviant, participating in drag shows, carousing at night, and conducting his life in a generally ungodly manner. It would be unwise to follow such a person.

This is what was going on in Israel. The scribes and Pharisees had the legal authority to render decisions and direct the actions of the people. At the same time, they were ungodly and not to be emulated. Their works were works of wickedness. Jesus sums that up, saying, “They say, indeed, and not they do.”

To substantiate this, Jesus will directly address these men throughout the chapter, calling out their aberrant ways for the people to see and understand exactly what He is referring to. When He is done, there will be no doubt as to His view of these men.

Life application: Jesus’ words fit leaders throughout the world at any given time in history. Once people get into positions of authority, they quickly abuse those positions for personal gain or to meet perverse agendas.

From there, they set the guidelines that ensure those who are like them will also get into power. Unfortunately, many people see the conduct of their leaders as freeing rather than diabolical. They are enabled to act out their sexual fantasies, promote political agendas that grant them power to harm those they disagree with, and so on.

In places where communism flourishes, it often starts with the promotion of some society-degrading aspect that will allow enough people to join those seeking power that they will gain that power. However, as soon as the power has been secured, the same people they enlisted through those perverse actions are rounded up and eliminated.

Such people are called “useful idiots.” They think they will gain freedom in some warped way, throw their weight behind a person who has the ability to seize control, and expect that they will be a part of the leadership when control has been established.

However, they find that what they hoped for was never a part of the long-term goals of those using them. For example, who would want a society filled with people who pretended to be animals? But animal pretenders may be of such significant numbers that they can sway the grabbing of power.

Once power has been seized, the animal pretenders are no longer needed, nor are they wanted. Their deviant life will not fit with the greater utopia the communists are looking for. Therefore, they are eliminated. This is why so many millions of people are often exterminated at such points in history.

Whatever those who have seized power think is right and normal will survive the culling. Whatever they disagree with is terminated. It is always an arbitrary decision-making process that ends badly for many.

For those countries that have a system based on Christianity, it must be carefully guarded. If people are not paying attention, such massive changes are inevitable, and when they come, they will come suddenly and violently.

Lord God, help us to live our lives morally and properly. For those of us who live in societies that honor You, may we carefully and attentively watch over what we have. How easy it is for wickedness to step in and take control. Help us to be attentive to what is going on around us. Amen.

1 Samuel 30:13-20 (Wadi, the Besor, Part II)

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson

1 Samuel 30:13-20
Wadi, the Besor, Part II

(Typed 25 May 2026 – Memorial Day) There are promised blessings and assured curses in the law concerning Israel. It says in Leviticus 26:7, “You will chase your enemies, and they shall fall by the sword before you.”

That was a promise when Israel was obedient to the Lord. Another word from the books of Moses said, “Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘Write this for a memorial in the book and recount it in the hearing of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.’” Exodus 17:14

Taken together, with the Lord’s promise to David when he consulted the ephod to determine the Lord’s will, it was certain that David would prevail in this battle.

We read such words, look at their fulfillment in the Bible, and we applaud God for His faithfulness. We also remark about David’s confidence in the Lord.

And yet, what is our outlook on life as we live it? When a loved one is taken from us, do we get upset at God? If we suffer physical or emotional distress, do we blame Him?

And what happens to our walk when we stumble and do something so incredibly stupid that we fear God might pull His love from us or decide to stop saving us?

Text Verse: “For by You I can run against a troop;
By my God I can leap over a wall.” 2 Samuel 22:30

We are in a lifelong battle against the biggest spiritual troop imaginable. Satan is hot on our heels, trying to trip us up. He is working to steal our joy, cause us to question God’s goodness, and whisper in our ears that we are deluded to think that God loves us and will never forsake us.

He is a miserable foe, always putting obstacles in our way to stop us from advancing in any and every area.

Unless we want to be a part of the defeated masses, we should bolster our walk with Bible reading, increase our stamina by consulting properly handled analyses of His word, and stay doggedly in prayer, communicating with Him over every aspect of our lives.

Avoiding Bible studies for a week or two makes it easier to find something else to fill our time dedicated to that. Skipping a day of reading the word will quickly lead to not reading the word at all. Anything positive that we do with and for the Lord will find something to easily replace it if we allow ourselves to be redirected from it.

David engaged the battle against a troop, and he tirelessly jumped over the obstacles that got in his way. Yes, he failed the Lord at times. Those failures are recorded for our benefit, because when he failed, he gathered himself up, redoubled his efforts in the proper direction, and got back on track.

Church may seem less exciting than Sunday morning at the beach, but it is where you will be fed, reminding you of what is really important. You have eternity to sit on the beach, or do whatever it is God has in store for us.

Spend your time wisely, and may your efforts be properly directed all the days that you walk before the Lord who saved you. Let this be a reminder to you to hold fast to such truths that are to be found in His superior word. And so, let us turn to that precious word once again, and… May God speak to us through His word today, and may His glorious name ever be praised.

I. Eating, and Drinking, and Roundelaying (verses 13-16)

13 Then David said to him, “To whom do you belong, and where are you from?”

vayomer lo David lemi atah vee mizeh atah – “And he said to him, David, ‘To whom, you? And where, from this, you?’” Verse 11 already identified this person as an Egyptian. That was either an advanced note by the chronicler, or he was identifiable by some characteristic which the men recognized when they found him.

Either way, David interrogates him to find out if there is any connection between him and those taken from Ziklag. David means Beloved. He has typologically been used to refer to accepting the doctrines of Christ. The man responds to David carefully…

13 (con’t) And he said, “I am a young man

vayomer naar – “And he said, ‘Lad.’” The word lad seems odd to apply to oneself. Translations say “youth”, “boy”, “young man,” etc. Some translations skip over the word, as if it is out of place. Others incorrectly give up on it as being part of his words and make it a part of the introduction: “‘I’m from Egypt,’ the young man answered.”

The reason it is odd is that anyone looking at him would know his general age. Thus, it seems like a superfluous addition. At times, the word naar, lad, is rendered as a servant, such as –

“Now the donkeys of Kish, Saul’s father, were lost. And Kish said to his son Saul, ‘Please take one of the servants [naar] with you, and arise, go and look for the donkeys.’” 1 Samuel 9:3

There are instances where this word is used of a servant old enough to have his own sons. However, naar is not used in the sense of a servant here. This is because he specifically calls himself a servant as he continues. He next says…

13 (con’t) from Egypt,

mitsri – “Egyptian.” As noted, he has already been identified as an Egyptian. He would probably look like an Egyptian, and unless he was a servant for an extended period, his accent would sound Egyptian as well. Egypt means Double Trouble. Next, he says…

13 (con’t) …

anokhi – “I myself.” There are different ways to identify oneself. The simplest is to have the verb carry a first-person identifier, such as taking the word adon, lord, and making it possessive, adoni, my lord. There is also the word ani, I. It is always plain: ani Charlie, “I, Charlie.” It is the common word used in Israel today.

A third way is to use anokhi, a fuller/heavier form. Quite often, it appears where the speaker’s personal presence, identity, responsibility, or distinction from another party is prominent. In this case, it signals that this Egyptian lad’s presence in relation to the surrounding narrative is at issue.

So, taken with the last word, he is setting himself apart from the surrounding situation, mitsri anokhi – “I myself, Egyptian.” He continues his carefully chosen words…

13 (con’t) servant

eved – “servant.” Saying eved here means he could not have used naar, lad, in any other sense than a purposeful use similar to, “I’m just a young guy.” Adding in that he is a servant is like having a pity party, “I’m just a young guy, a servant. I am unimportant.” This has all been introduced before getting to his next words…

13 (con’t) of an Amalekite;

leish amaleqi – “to ‘man, Amalekite’.” He could have just said “to an Amalekite”, but he adds in “man” to reflect a distinction between his being a lad and the one he was a servant to who is a man. As odd as his response may sound, each word has been carefully chosen because of the last word, Amalekite.

As a servant of an Amalekite, he understood that they were at constant war with Israel. It would be a part of their culture and conversation. This person is standing among Hebrews, and he is doing everything in his power to elicit sympathy and to distinguish himself from those with whom he was, until just recently, allied.

He is trying to absolve himself of responsibility. Step back and look at the whole thing. He is a youth identified by nationality, “Egyptian,” and only then by servile association, “servant to a man, an Amalekite.”

Thus, he is connected to the Amalekite company, but he is not an Amalekite. The use of anokhi helps bring his personal identity to the front: “An Egyptian lad — I myself.”

Amalek is derived from am, people, and malaq, to nip or wring off the head of a bird with or without severing it from the body. They are The People Who Wring Off. They are those who are disconnected from the body and who strive to disconnect the body.

The lad’s response to David has been carefully worded thus far. He continues, saying…

13 (con’t) and my master left me behind, because three days ago I fell sick.

vayaazveni adoni ki khalithi ha’yom sheloshah – “And he relinquished me, my lord, for I rubbed, the day, three.” Whatever he was hoping to convey previously, here he tries to elicit maximum pity from those who have found him. In essence, “I am such a miserable person that by simply falling sick, my master abandoned me.”

This may be true. The Amalekites may have abandoned him as too much trouble when he fell sick. It would show extreme coldness of heart. It would also show that he was not a valued servant or that he wasn’t worth any inconvenience at all.

As will be seen, the plunderers will be engaged, and there will be a great slaughter. Despite this, four hundred will get away on camels. That means the camp of plunderers would be in the thousands. Along with them, they had camels and all other types of animals. And yet, they didn’t bother to sling him over a donkey and take him along.

There is another possibility which cannot be known, but which may account for his careful separation of himself from those he was with. He could have attempted an escape from their camp, gotten lost in the wilderness, and run out of water. If so, his excuses are a fabrication to keep him from being considered a deserter.

As for the word khalah, rubbed, it is used in various contexts. When something is rubbed, it can show favor, like rubbing someone’s face. It can show sickness, like being worn down in health, as in this case. It can also apply in a spiritual sense, like being worn down in spirit, grieved, etc. He continues…

14 We made an invasion of the southern area of the Cherethites,

His words bear emphasis: anakhnu pashatnu negev ha’kerethi – “We, we stripped ‘parchedland, the Cherethite’.” He adamantly includes himself in the plundering, noting that the band of raiders he was with “stripped” the southern area of the Cherethite.

The idea is that of a person having all his clothing stripped off or a person or an animal being skinned. It is a raid where everything that can be plundered is taken. In this case, it is the Cherethite, a new designation in Scripture.

The name, depending on the context, is derived from karath, to cut off, or from the name of Crete. Without the vowel points, the words Cherethite and Cretan are the same.

Various options for the meaning of the name are Executioners, Exiles, Cretans, or Outcasts. It is the same word as when one cuts a covenant, so I would call ha’kerethi, the Cutter.

This group dwelt on the seacoast in the south of the land. They are thought to be either Philistine or from the same general group as the Philistines.

When David was stripping the land, it never said he came against these people. Later, when he is king, he will have them as his own warriors along with the Pelethites, as noted in 2 Samuel

It is possible that he met them during his time in Ziklag and was impressed with their military capabilities. As for the plundering, it was also…

14 (con’t) in the territory which belongs to Judah,

veal asher lihudah – “and upon ‘which to Judah’.” This area was east of the Cherethite. The land grant of the southern area of Judah included where the Cherethite was and continued east. Judah is from yadah, to use the hand. In the case of Judah, it signifies raising the hands as a means of praise. Hence, it is rendered Praise. Next, he says…

14 (con’t) and of the southern area of Caleb;

veal negev kalev – “and upon ‘parchedland, Caleb’.” The area of Caleb is further east. He was granted the land around Hebron because of his faithfulness to the Lord when the other spies who went into Canaan gave a bad report of the land.

In Joshua 15, that area was designated as his. Hebron itself was designated as a priestly city, but all of the surrounding area belonged to Caleb. The parchedland of Caleb would include the area granted to Caleb’s daughter Achsah, as also seen in Joshua 15.

Caleb means dog. In the passages where he was mentioned, he was consistently used as a picture of the Gentiles, being faithful like dogs.

Having carefully set a distinction between himself and his Amalekite master, he admits he was a part of the company that came against David’s city…

14 (con’t) and we burned Ziklag with fire.”

veeth tsiqlag saraphnu baesh – “and Ziklag we burned in the fire.” Ziklag is the city where David and his men lived with their families. This is the only city the lad mentions as being burned with fire. David knew it was burned, and the Egyptian couldn’t deny it, so he openly states that he was among those who did it.

As noted in 1 Samuel 27, Ziklag signifies Measure of Pressure. With the information he needs at hand to regain his people and his goods, David sees his opportunity to act…

15 And David said to him, “Can you take me down to this troop?”

Rather: vayomer elav David hathorideni el ha’gedud ha’zeh – “And he said unto him, David, ‘You will cause to descend me unto the cohort, the this.’” It is not a question. Rather, it is an order. David knows that he can use this person to direct him to the plunderers. And so, he speaks determinedly that this is what will happen.

There is natural reticence on the part of the Egyptian though…

15 (con’t) So he said, “Swear to me by God that you will neither kill me

vayomer hishaveah li belohim im temiteni – “And he said, “You must be (surely) sevened to me in God if you will cause to kill me.” Before he will agree to take them, he wants a solemn oath that David or his men will not kill him.

The Aramaic versions known as the Peshitta and the Lamsa say Lord JEHOVAH and Lord respectively instead of God. That seems unlikely. As an Egyptian, this lad would probably not be a follower of the Lord or know anything about the Lord.

He wants a general vow based on the God David followed as an assurance that he will be protected. He understands that being a part of the raiders, David and his men would be inclined to kill him. But he is equally concerned about another possibility…

15 (con’t) nor deliver me into the hands of my master,

ve’im tasgireni beyad adoni – “and if you will cause to shut me in ‘hand, my lord’.” Not knowing David’s intentions, the lad wants an oath that he will not be delivered into the hand of his lord. If he escaped from his master, his request is something the law prescribed as well –

“You shall not give back to his master the slave who has escaped from his master to you. 16 He may dwell with you in your midst, in the place which he chooses within one of your gates, where it seems best to him; you shall not oppress him.” Deuteronomy 23:15, 16

He told David that he fell sick and was abandoned, so this verse may not apply. But based on his treatment, it should. Either way, he worries that his life will be severely shortened or incomprehensibly misery-filled if he were to be given back to his owner. Thus, in making an oath concerning these two conditions…

15 (con’t) and I will take you down to this troop.”

veoridkha el ha’gedud ha’zeh – “And let me cause to descend you unto the cohort, the this.’” The word gedud, cohort, was used in verse 8 when David asked the Lord if he would overtake the raiders. It is used twice in this verse and one more time in verse 23.

In the stories of David’s life, the only other two times it is used will be in relation to his men as they are arranged into cohorts. This makes it likely that the text verse, which is repeated in Psalm 18:29, is probably written about this account.

David was likely told about the size of the force, their tactics, the specialties of fighters they had, and so forth. All of this is omitted from the narrative, but it would have all been disclosed before the attack.

And more, it has already been acknowledged by the Lord that David would prevail in this endeavor –

“And he asked, David, in Yehovah, to say, I will pursue after the cohort, the this? I will cause to reach him?
And He said to him, You must pursue, for causing to reach, you will cause to reach, and causing to snatch, you will cause to snatch.’” 1 Samuel 30:8 (CG)

The lad uses a jussive (let me cause to descend you), indicating his firm resolve to perform the action if his requests are granted. Without noting David’s acceptance, it is implied in the next words…

16 And when he had brought him down,

vayoridehu – “And he caused to descend him.” With obvious assurances made in accord with his petitions, the Egyptian was able to follow the track he knew would take them to the plunderers. Being marauders, they probably didn’t have a city. Rather, they would spread out in tents in an area they claimed as home. With this understanding, the narrative next notes…

16 (con’t) there they were, spread out over all the land,

vehineh netushim al pene khal ha’arets – “And behold! Let-go upon ‘faces, all the land’.” The word natash, signifies to pound. By implication, it signifies to disperse, as if something is expanding because of being pounded. Saying “let-go” suits the various contexts of all forty uses in the Old Testament.

They were spread out all over the place, covering all the land where they holed up after raiding. They were…

16 (con’t) eating and drinking and dancing,

okhelim veshotim vekhogegim – “eating, and drinking, and roundelaying.” The Amalekites stripped communities across a vast swath of land extending from the Mediterranean practically to the Dead Sea. They would have tons of supplies, including livestock, harvested goods, people, and everything else one could imagine.

Knowing they could go out and plunder more anytime they needed, they got right into the business of consuming their spoil. The word khagag was used when Israel went into the wilderness to hold a feast to the Lord in Exodus.

It was also used of the mandated feasts of the Lord in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It signifies “to move in a circle.” In the case of a feast of the Lord, it would be a sacred procession. To understand a comparable use today, one might think of the Muslims when they go to Mecca and circle around their black idol stone, the Kaaba.

In the case of these raiders, they too would be doing what people do at celebrations. In the US, we call it a circle dance, but the more official term is a roundelay. The people would be a’drinkin’, a’hootin’ n’ a’hollerin’, and a’kickin’ up the dust in excited roundelays. This was…

16 (con’t) because of all the great spoil which they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah.

bekhol ha’shalal ha’gadol asher laqehu meerets pelishtim u-meerets Yehudah – “in all the ‘booty, the great’, which they took from ‘land, Philistines’, and from ‘land, Judah’.” This tells us that the Cherethite people belonged within Philistine territory.

At the time, this would have included Ziklag. After David returned to Judah, Ziklag would be considered Judah’s territory. In this excited state of partying, the raiders left themselves open to trouble. Ironically, the Egyptian lad they left behind as worthless was the impetus for their downfall…

Satan has taken what belonged to us
A life of goodness and fellowship with God
To snatch it back from him, God sent Jesus
To share in that, give the gospel a favorable nod

Through Jesus’ cross, the victory is gained
He prevailed over sin, opening the way
Through His work, access to heaven is attained
Now comes the anticipation of that glorious day

 Reconciliation with God with joy and peace
Eternity in His presence because of Jesus
Come to the cross and find release
See what great things God has done for us

II. The ‘All’, He Caused to Return, David (verses 17-20)

17 Then David attacked them from twilight until the evening of the next day.

vayakem David mehanesheph vead ha’erev lemakhoratham – “And he caused to strike them, David, from the breeze and until the evening to their morrow.” A new word is seen, nesheph, a breeze. By implication, it refers to dusk or dawn when the breeze blows because of the temperature change from hot to cool or cool to hot.

It is derived from nashaph, to blow up fresh. That is seen only twice when the Lord is said to blow, such as at the parting of the Red Sea in Exodus 15. Of the word nesheph, the Topical Lexicon says –

“Scripture employs this liminal moment to underscore vulnerability, secrecy, expectancy, and the suddenness of divine intervention.”

The word “twilight” is misleading because it can refer to either the dawning light or the evening light, but it generally signifies the evening light. This was probably the early morning light, meaning that the people were partying all night long.

Many of them would be incredibly drunk. Others would have passed out from fun or exhaustion. Those still awake would be in no shape to effectively engage in battle.

Thus, they were strategically attacked by David and his men in the very earliest hours, with the battle lasting the entire day, as it says, “to their morrow.” The evening is the biblical beginning of the next day.

Some scholars, such as Keil, disagree with this, saying that the battle was over 24 hours long. Keil says, “Nesheph signifies the evening twilight here, not the dawn, – a meaning which is not even sustained by Job 7:4.” That is completely incorrect. Job 7:4 says –

“If I laid, and I will say, ‘When I will arise and it will be fluttered evening, and I will sate tossing until breeze [nesheph].” Job 7:4 (CG)

In other words, Job went to bed, and he wondered how long he would toss and turn until the time of the morning breeze. Keil notably left out Psalm 119, which also speaks of this time of day –

“I arose in the breeze [nesheph] and I (surely) helpcalled.
To your words [k.], I waited.” Psalm 119:147 (CG)

One gets up in the morning. This is what the psalmist did, crying out to God for help, pouring out his heart and looking to the promises of the Lord for the new day.

The number of those slain in the battle must have been incredible based on the next words…

17 (con’t) Not a man of them escaped, except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled.

velo nimlath mehem ish ki im arba meoth ish naar asher rakhevu al ha’gemalim vayanusu – “And not he was eluded from them man, for if four hundreds man – lad, whom they rode upon the camels, and they fled.” If four hundred got away on camels, there must have been thousands in the camp.

This also tells us the battle commenced at the beginning of the day, not in the darkening night. If they fought all night, nobody would have seen people fleeing.

As for the number four hundred, it is a derivative of four, the number of creation and the world (and city) number. Ten signifies “Completeness of order, marking the entire round of anything, is, therefore, the ever-present signification of the number ten. It implies that nothing is wanting; that the number and order are perfect; that the whole cycle is complete” (Bullinger).

Four hundred is also a derivative of forty and ten. Bullinger says of forty –

“It is the product of 5 and 8, and points to the action of grace (5), leading to and ending in revival and renewal (8). This is certainly the case where forty relates to a period of evident probation. But where it relates to enlarged dominion, or to renewed or extended rule, then it does so in virtue of its factors 4 and 10, and in harmony with their signification.”

The gamal, camel, comes from the verb gamal, to deal fully or adequately with. Thus, it can mean to wean, repay, require, reward, ripen, and so forth. It refers to the treatment, either well or ill, that a person will receive.

With the battle complete and the enemy subdued…

18 So David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away, and David rescued his two wives.

vayatsel David eth kal asher laqekhu amaleq veeth shete nashav hitsil David – “And he caused to snatch, David, all which they took, Amalek. And ‘two, his wives’, he caused to snatch, David.” Using the word natsal, to snatch, gives the mental image of David snatching his goods and wives from whatever catastrophe, such as selling off, that they would otherwise have faced.

This is a general statement of complete success for David’s men. Nothing that was raided and hoped to be retrieved was lost. One might say, “What about all the partying, drinking, and eating?”

The answer is that these raiders had gone over an entire swath of land. The portion belonging to David would have been an insignificant part of the total booty taken. This will be seen later as the chapter ends. The total scope of recovery is reiterated…

19 And nothing of theirs was lacking, either small or great,

velo nedar lahem ha’qaton vead hagadol – “And not it was arranged to them from the diminutive and until the great.” A new word is seen: adar, to arrange, such as in a battle. In this case, nothing was arranged, meaning lacking, as if they had to rearrange their possessions to form a new arrangement. This included…

19 (con’t) sons or daughters, spoil or anything which they had taken from them; David recovered all.

vead banim u-vanoth u-mishalal vead kal asher laqekhu lahem ha’kol heshiv David – “and until sons, and daughters, and booty, and until all which they took to them. The ‘all’, he caused to return, David.” The list is all-inclusive. Boys weren’t used for target practice or sold on the road as slaves. Daughters were spared from being sold off in forced marriages or some other horror, etc.

Of everything entrusted to David as the leader, nothing was lost.

20 Then David took all the flocks and herds

Where to separate the clauses of this verse is confusing: vayiqakh David eth kal ha’tson veha’baqar – “And he took, David, all the flock and the cattle.” Even if the clause division is complicated, the words are readily understandable.

It means that all of the captured livestock, which would have been an immense amount taken from all over the southern areas that were raided, was taken by David. Although the animals were valuable, it was more favorable to the men than if he had taken all the gold and silver.

David probably told them what he planned to do with the flocks, which would have been well received by them. As will be seen later, he wasn’t keeping them for himself. With this much understood, it next says…

20 (con’t) they had driven before those other livestock,

nahagu liphne ha’miqneh ha’hu – “They drove to ‘faces, the livestock’, the it.” It seems like there is a word missing. The KJV adds the word “which”, something some scholars argue against, along with the word “other”. The NKJV drops the “which” and keeps the “other.”

Both words seem ok. Taken together, the meaning is probably, “And David took all the flock and the cattle that they drove before the livestock which was theirs.”

The only exception to all of the animals David got was what belonged to the men of Ziklag. They had their animals separated. Those, meaning David’s plunder, were driven before the livestock of the men of Ziklag.

The unstated meaning is that everything else would have been divided up as spoil between all the men. That would include people, gold, silver, and whatever else was of value that had been stripped by the raiders. It would have been an incredible haul.

As for the animals mentioned, the tson, flock, is from a root meaning to migrate. The baqar, cattle, is from the verb baqar, to plow, but by extension, to search, seek out, inquire, etc. The livestock is from qanah, to acquire.

To explain why David’s animals were out front, the final clause says…

*20 (fin) and said, “This is David’s spoil.”

vayomeru zeh shelal David – “they said, ‘This ‘booty, David’.’” Think of an army coming home from battle with all their spoil, but the leader’s spoil being on display in front of everything else. That is what the structure of the words conveys.

David secured everything that was taken, while at the same time, he amassed an incredible amount of booty. Also, the enemy was completely defeated. For four hundred men, it would have been an astonishing victory.

Nothing is said about how many of his men may have been injured or killed in the battle. Instead, the verses focus on the magnitude of the victory, not mentioning the casualties.

Without determining any typology, we can still make a sound connection between these verses and life in Christ. The enemy, the devil, came between God and man. He plundered humanity and took the best of what was intended for us.

However, God in Christ came to lead the battle and bring restoration of everything lost, as seen in verses 18 and 19 –

“And he caused to snatch [natsal], David, all which they took, Amalek. And ‘two, his wives’, he caused to snatch, David. 19And not it was arranged to them from the diminutive and until the great, and until sons, and daughters, and booty, and until all which they took to them. The ‘all’, he caused to return [shuv], David.”

Satan took away man’s chance at life, fellowship with God, and existence without pain, suffering, sadness, or loss. Jesus, through His ministry and on His cross, was able to snatch right from the devil’s hands everything Satan plundered from us.

And He didn’t just get it and keep it for Himself! He returned it to the masses of humanity willing to follow Him in the spiritual battle being played out in redemptive history. All are welcome to participate by simple belief in what Jesus has done.

Through accepting the premise of the gospel, we have full rights to everything Jesus accomplished. From there, we are given the right to decide what we will do with that gift. Will you sit on your hands and wait for the rapture (or your death) to come? That is your right.

Or, will you share the gospel, become a missionary, or seek ordination and preach the word? There are opportunities for everyone to do something. Churches need members doing the business of the church.

Without reliable support, missionaries cannot just get up and go, expecting things to fall into place. Waitresses may never hear the gospel unless someone opens his mouth and speaks or leaves behind a tract.

The battle for restoration by Christ is done. Who will be a part of it? The answer is largely up to us. We are to be the hands and feet of sharing the good news that there are restoration and reconciliation. Let us be about the business of doing our part.

Closing Verse: “How then shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? And how shall they believe in Him of whom they have not heard? And how shall they hear without a preacher? 15 And how shall they preach unless they are sent? As it is written:
‘How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the gospel of peace,
Who bring glad tidings of good things!’” Romans 10:14, 15

Next Week: 1 Samuel 3:21-31 Big fun ahead, that’s for shore, just wait and see... (Wadi, the Besor, Part III) (64th 1 Samuel Sermon)

The Lord has you exactly where He wants you. He has a good plan and purpose for you. He is the One who abases the haughty and exalts the humble. He regards the lowly, and the proud, He knows from afar. So yield yourself to Him, trust Him, and believe His word. In this, He will do great things for you and through you.

1 Samuel 30:13-20 (CG)

And he said to him, David, “To whom, you? And where, from this, you?”

And he said, “Lad, Egyptian, I myself, servant to ‘man, Amalekite’. And he relinquished me, my lord, for I rubbed, the day, three. 14We, we stripped ‘parchedland, the Cherethite’, and upon ‘which to Judah’, and upon ‘parchedland, Caleb’, and Ziklag we burned in the fire.”

15And he said unto him, David, “You will cause to descend me unto the cohort, the this.”

And he said, “You must be (surely) sevened to me in God if you will cause to kill me, and if you will cause to shut me in ‘hand, my lord’. And let me cause to descend you unto the cohort, the this.”

16And he caused to descend him. And behold! Let-go upon ‘faces, all the land’, eating, and drinking, and roundelaying in all the ‘booty, the great’, which they took from ‘land, Philistines’, and from ‘land, Judah’. 17And he caused to strike them, David, from the breeze and until the evening to their morrow. And not he was eluded from them man, for if four hundreds man – lad, who they rode upon the camels and they fled. 18And he caused to snatch, David, all which they took, Amalek. And ‘two, his wives’, he caused to snatch, David. 19And not it was arranged to them from the diminutive and until the great, and until sons, and daughters, and booty, and until all which they took to them. The ‘all’, he caused to return, David. 20And he took, David, all the flock and the cattle they drove to ‘faces, the livestock’, the it. And they said, “This ‘booty, David’.”

 

1 Samuel 30:13-20 (NKJV)

13 Then David said to him, “To whom do you belong, and where are you from?”

And he said, “I am a young man from Egypt, servant of an Amalekite; and my master left me behind, because three days ago I fell sick. 14 We made an invasion of the southern area of the Cherethites, in the territorywhich belongs to Judah, and of the southern area of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.”

15 And David said to him, “Can you take me down to this troop?”

So he said, “Swear to me by God that you will neither kill me nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will take you down to this troop.”

16 And when he had brought him down, there they were, spread out over all the land, eating and drinking and dancing, because of all the great spoil which they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. 17 Then David attacked them from twilight until the evening of the next day. Not a man of them escaped, except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled. 18 So David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away, and David rescued his two wives. 19 And nothing of theirs was lacking, either small or great, sons or daughters, spoil or anything which they had taken from them; David recovered all. 20 Then David took all the flocks and herds they had driven before those other livestock, and said, “This is David’s spoil.”

Matthew 23:2

Sunday, 27 September 2026

saying: “The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. Matthew 23:2

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at the “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

“saying, ‘Upon the ‘Moses’ bench’, they sat, the scribes and the Pharisees.’” (CG).

In the previous verse, it said that Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to His disciples. That continues with, “saying, ‘Upon the ‘Moses’ bench’, they sat.’”

In the Bible, the seat signifies the situation in which one exists. A great example of this is found in Exodus 12:40 –

“And seat, sons Israel, who they sat in Egypt: thirty year and four hundreds year.” (CG)

Thus, the situation Israel found itself in was sitting in Egypt for a lengthy period of time. Understanding this, the bench of Moses, his seat, signifies the situation of their occupying the authority of Moses in relation to the law. Moses was the lawgiver. In addition to that, people would come to him for judgment in matters related to the law –

“And so it was, on the next day, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood before Moses from morning until evening. 14 So when Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he did for the people, he said, ‘What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit, and all the people stand before you from morning until evening?’
15 And Moses said to his father-in-law, ‘Because the people come to me to inquire of God. 16 When they have a difficulty, they come to me, and I judge between one and another; and I make known the statutes of God and His laws.’” Exodus 18:13-16

Jethro saw that this was too much for one man and recommended he choose able men from the multitudes to judge the people. Only when a matter was too difficult was it elevated to Moses.

Within this structure, a more refined leadership was organized in Numbers 11, where seventy men were consecrated to assist Moses in leading the people. This body eventually became known as the Sanhedrin. In Jesus’ time, He recognized that such a set authority was comprised of “the scribes and the Pharisees.”

Whether this is exactly what Jesus is referring to, or the general authority given to those who made up the Sanhedrin (for example, not all Pharisees were members of the Sanhedrin, and there were Sadducees within the Sanhedrin), the point is that there was an understood authority within the Scribes and Pharisees that the people were to submit to in religious matters. Jesus calls this authority “Moses’ bench.”

Life application: Within the church, there are positions of authority that have been designated by Paul in the pastoral epistles. These positions were set within individual churches. There is nothing in Scripture to suggest that a body existed or would exist that had authority over the Christian faith.

But this is exactly what large denominations began to do. The Roman Catholic church, for example, claimed special authority derived from the seat of Peter, as if Peter were the leader of the early church and his authority then transferred to other men throughout the years.

Because of this unbiblical claim, such large denominations began to claim authority over the word of God, as if they had the sole right to interpret it, translate it, and decide what the word actually says when texts with conflicting words or phrases arose.

No such body is hinted at in Scripture. No such authority was ever granted to Peter. And there is no line of succession authorized by Scripture. These are all false claims intended to trap adherents of various denominations into believing that the ticket to their salvation rests in the denomination, not in the finished work of Jesus Christ.

Jesus’ words about the scribes and Pharisees will acknowledge their positions of authority, but He will excoriate them for their abusive lifestyles. The only marked difference between the scribes and Pharisees and the leaders of these large denominations is that they do not possess biblical authority for the positions they sit in.

Take time to read the pastoral epistles, see what God has determined through Paul’s hand concerning church leaders and church structure, and then be content to ignore anything that does not fit into the simple model set forth there.

Other than the quality and conduct of the men chosen to lead a local body, there is very little set forth as guidelines for the church to operate. The main thing you will notice is that there is a heavy stress on honoring God through Jesus and carefully handling the word of God. If a church is not doing this, you should not waste your time with it.

Lord God, may our time in church be filled with honoring You and learning Your word. Help us not to get misdirected from these priorities. May our time there be a time of true fellowship with others and growth in our walk with You. Amen.