Romans (Written)

Thursday, 23 January 2014

And so I have made it my aim to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build on another man’s foundation,… Romans 15:20

In his previous thoughts, Paul has said that it is Christ working through him in the things which pertain to God. Endowed with this ability and with the gift of this ministry he went “from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum” fully preaching the gospel of Christ.

In this capacity (and so he states here), he lets the Romans know that “I have made it my aim to preach the gospel…” The Greek word translated as “made it my aim” reflects and earnest desire or ambition. It has been his heart’s goal to preach “not where Christ was named.” Paul saw his ministry as a foundational one. He set out to establish churches rather than move into those areas where one was already established and thus “build on another man’s foundation.”

God has endowed all people with certain desires and abilities. There are those who are missionaries, telling the gospel for the very first time. There are others who will establish churches, thus bringing together those who may already know Christ but not have a place of worship. There are preachers, teachers, and congregants. Everyone has a place within the body and at times the duties or missions overlap.

Paul’s goal was preaching and teaching to new converts. He didn’t just give the gospel and move on, but after receiving converts, he would disciple them. This is seen, for example, in Acts 19:9, 10 –

“But when some were hardened and did not believe, but spoke evil of the Way before the multitude, he departed from them and withdrew the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus. And this continued for two years, so that all who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.”

He was there to evangelize and he stayed and taught daily for two years. But he also wrote letters of instruction and encouragement such as the epistle to the Romans. There in Rome was a group of believers who had already come together, probably without any apostolic leadership. These converts might have been from the group who came to Christ in Jerusalem, such as those recorded in Acts 2 at the first Pentecost of the Church Age. However they were established, Paul was writing to them for the sake of both exhortation and doctrine.

He hoped to eventually go to Rome and meet with them, but without violating his precept of preaching “not where Christ was named” but rather as a stop for fellowship on his way to Spain (Romans 15:24).

Life application: In order to be an effective member of the church, one needs to decide what it is they can do to benefit the body. If sitting in church listening to instruction is all you wish to do, make sure to leave a gift or offering. If you wish to go overseas and be a missionary, it takes planning and funding. First think about what you wish to do and then determine to do it through reasonable planning and in a way which will benefit the church.

Lord, thank You for the church where I attend. Thank You for a place of fellowship where we can worship You and edify each other. Thank You for each person who comes, for the services, studies, and special gatherings that make it a home. Thank You for the abilities You have given each person and for those who use their abilities to benefit all within the church. Amen. 

Wednesday, 22 January 2014

…in mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God, so that from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.Romans 15:19 

This verse is the second half of what Paul stated yesterday. In context and in its entirety, it says, “For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not accomplished through me, in word and deed, to make the Gentiles obedient—in mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God, so that from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.”

Paul’s boasting was in what Christ accomplished through him, not in his own deeds. Christ’s work was manifest “in mighty signs and wonders.” A good example of this type of deed is found in Acts 19:11, 12 –

“Now God worked unusual miracles by the hands of Paul, so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were brought from his body to the sick, and the diseases left them and the evil spirits went out of them.”

Unlike so many charlatans who fill the halls of Christianity today with false workings which have nothing to do with the Spirit but are often acts engaged in for the profit of those employed in the tricks, these were truly manifestations of the work of Christ “by the power of the Spirit of God.” They are attested to in God’s word and they were given and confirmed in order to establish the apostolic work of Paul.

Endowed with this power in which Christ worked through Paul, he made a circuit “from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum.” Although his ministry didn’t actually begin in Jerusalem, he uses Jerusalem as the center of his discourse because it is the center of the gospel message from which Christ’s word has gone out. Paul, like the other apostles, carried this message from Jerusalem outward. Paul’s ministry was in a circular route and he uses Illyricum as a destination because it was in the outward part of the arc of the circle, being in the area of modern day Croatia.

Whether he actually went into Illyricum or not isn’t known, but he travelled at least to its borders. In his travels, he covered an immense amount of land and came into contact with many cultures and people. He was a tireless servant of the Lord and in all that he did, he “fully preached the gospel of Christ.” This gospel message and those endowed with its witness are noted in his first letter to the Corinthians –

“For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, and that He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve. After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain to the present, but some have fallen asleep. After that He was seen by James, then by all the apostles. 8 Then last of all He was seen by me also, as by one born out of due time.” 1 Corinthians 15:3-7

Life application: Paul’s ministry was one bearing apostolic authority. The apostolic age ended with the completion of the Bible. The foundation of the “prophets and apostles” which proclaim Christ has been laid. The Bible bears witness to the work of God in Christ and through the apostles. Now it is our job to use this witness, the Holy Bible, for the building up and edification of the church.

O God, when I’m tired and feeling used up, all I need to do is think of Jesus. His ministry was a continuous stream of looking to the needs of others. He endured sleepless nights, long days of ministry, and so many trials and difficulties. And above all, He endured Gethsemane and then the cross. How can I not pick myself up and follow suit? Give me strength, O God, to endure the race set before me – to the glory of Christ my Lord. Amen.

Tuesday, 21 January 2014

For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not accomplished through me, in word and deed, to make the Gentiles obedient—Romans 15:18

In the preceding verse, Paul stated “Therefore I have reason to glory in Christ Jesus in the things which pertain to God.” In substantiation of this, he begins this verse with “for.” There was sufficient reason for him to glory in the matters related to his ministry for God and to demonstrate his apostolic authority based on Christ’s effective working in him. Because of this he says that he “will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not accomplished through me.”

And so when he notes his accomplishments, the words and the deeds were brought about not by his own power, but by the power of Christ. In Acts and in his epistles, there are evidences of miracles and signs being brought about through him and yet they aren’t the main focus of his ministry. If they were, one might think that they were either made up or that he was somehow endowed with these in his own right, but because they are noted incidentally, it is evident that they were the result of Christ working in him.

In fact, there are times when the miracles were lacking. In 2 Timothy 4:20, he said he “left Trophimus sick in Miletus.” In 1 Timothy 5:23, he told Timothy to “No longer drink only water, but use a little wine for your stomach’s sake and your frequent infirmities.” If Paul were the one to wield these powers, or if he had authority over the Spirit of Christ in him, he could have “claimed healing in Jesus’ name” and taken care of both of these. Even more to the point was his own affliction. He asked for it to be removed from him three times and yet the Lord left him with it saying, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness.” 12 Corinthians 12:9.

By these things, it is manifest that what is noted and the healings that were wrought were solely by the work of Christ in Him. Because this is so, there was no boasting in Him, but rather glorying in Christ Jesus. And what is the purpose of these things? It is that “in word and deed” Christ was working through Paul “to make the Gentiles obedient.” Paul’s ministry was unique in that he was the “Apostle to the Gentiles.” Christ worked through him to secure for Himself a people from every tribe, tongue, and nation.

What is apparent from this is that the church is dependent on the letters of Paul for its direction and edification. What he writes is our doctrine. At some point, the church age will end and Israel will again be the focus of God’s attention, but until that occurs, we are to rely on the directives given by Paul – not because they are from him personally, but because they are from Christ through him and specifically designed for this dispensation – the Church Age.

Life application: Paul never claimed anything as his right – healing, miracles, wonders, etc. Instead, he allowed the Lord to work through him. Let’s use this as an example in our own lives. By claiming something in the Lord’s name to which we are not entitled, we bring embarrassment on ourselves and discredit upon His name.

Heavenly Father, help me to understand the times when my prayers aren’t answered. I know that I ask from a state of not seeing the whole picture. But You see all and know what is best. Help me always to trust in this and to not question You in Your judgments. Thank You that even though my wants aren’t always met, my needs always are. Amen.

Monday, 20 January 2014

Therefore I have reason to glory in Christ Jesus in the things which pertain to God. Romans 15:17

In the previous verse, Paul clearly laid out his ministerial service as one of a priestly role. In this capacity and because of it, he now states “therefore.” In essence, “Because of that, therefore this.” And then he moves directly into his explanation – “I have reason to glory in Christ Jesus in the things which pertain to God.” In this thought, he uses the exact same Greek term, ta pros ton Theon, “in things which pertain to God” which is later used in Hebrews 5:1 –

“For every high priest taken from among men is appointed for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.”

This then shows that what he was referring to in verse 16 is to be interpreted as pertaining to functions of a priestly nature. His ministry, which is directed to the Gentile people, has been specially instituted “that the offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.” And because it is, Paul has a reason “to glory in Christ Jesus.”

The word “to glory” is variously translated as “boast,” “be enthusiastic,” “have pride,” “brag,” etc. But despite the personal nature of the word, it is a boasting which is not for himself, but “in Christ Jesus.” Ultimately, Christ made the selection, Christ gave the strength, Christ endowed with the wisdom to convey, and so forth. He is the “author and finisher” of our faith and thus whatever is our boast, it ultimately belongs to Him. As Paul will later state in 1 Corinthians 1:30, 31 –

“But of Him you are in Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God—and righteousness and sanctification and redemption— that, as it is written, ‘He who glories, let him glory in the Lord.'”

To personally boast in what one hasn’t earned is self-seeking and conceited. And the premise of our salvation, sanctification, duties in Christ, glorification, etc. is that it is all God’s work in and through us. And so, to God be the glory. Without the cross, none of it would be possible. Because of the cross everything else in the process then comes by His grace.

Life application: When we accomplish a deed for the Lord, be it small or great, we must ultimately give God the glory for it. We wouldn’t be in the Lord if it wasn’t for the Lord’s work. Likewise, the Holy Spirit wouldn’t have been granted without the Lord’s work. And the deeds could not have come about without either. It all inevitably goes back to the glory of God.

Lord Jesus, only You are worthy of the honor and boasting which come from my Christian service. Without the cross, there would be no church. Without the resurrection, there would be no hope. Without Your Spirit, I would still be separated from You. And so whatever things I do, be they great or small, the credit is Yours alone. Use me then according to Your wisdom and for Your glory. Amen.

Sunday, 19 January 2014

…that I might be a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. Romans 15:16

Paul provides an enormous amount of detail in this verse. He just stated that he has been bold in some points as a reminder to the Romans and then he said this was due to “the grace given to me by God.” He now explains that grace; it’s substance and how it is worked out. He shares that this included that he “might be a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles.”

The word he uses for “minister” isn’t the normal one that we might think of, diakonos. Rather, the word is leitourgon. It is a word used only five times in the New Testament. One example is Romans 13:6 which is speaking of the “governing authorities” in the civilian world. Another example though is found in Hebrews 8:2. In this instance, it is referring to Jesus, the High Priest and “a Minister of the sanctuary and of the true tabernacle which the Lord erected, and not man.”

Paul is showing that his apostleship is a ministry of such weight for the gentiles. He is a superintending governor in doctrinal matters and his ministry is executed in the form of a priest on behalf of the gentiles. This is evident from the context which he will continue to reveal.

In his priestly role, his work is for the purpose of “ministering the gospel of God.” Again, a word is introduced which provides the context. “ministering” here is the word hierourgounta.  This is its only use in the New Testament and refers to doing temple work or performing sacred rites. These are duties only a priest of the Old Testament would accomplish, and yet he – from the tribe of Benjamin, has been granted this rite. This demonstrates the certainty that the previous covenant is set aside in Christ and a new order of priests and priestly duties has been initiated.

Paul’s ministry then is the “gospel of God.” The work of God in Christ is the very thing which makes the Gentiles acceptable to God. They are justified and sanctified, not through temple sacrifices and offerings, but through the finished work of Jesus Christ at Calvary’s cross. It is through His work and the ministering of Paul that the “offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable.”

Here again is another word demonstrating the greatness of what has occurred. The word “offering” is prosphora – an offering to God. This would be comparable to a sacrifice or offering made in the temple during the law. In Hebrews 10:8, this same word is used in a manner referring to those Old Testament offerings in which the Lord “did not desire, nor had pleasure in them.” And then in Hebrews 10:10 is says that believers “have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.” In this verse, the word prosphora is used referring to the body of  Christ.

As can be seen, the Gentiles have now actually become an offering to God because of the work of Christ, sanctified through what He has accomplished. It is through this great work that the Holy Spirit is available to do exactly that, the part of sanctification. Although it would appear to the Jews coming out of the Old Covenant that this would be impossible, it is the very heart of the work of Christ. That together, Jew and Gentile, are found acceptable through Him.

As an object lesson in this, the book of Acts notes the conversion of Cornelius and his household. When the Holy Spirit came down on them, it seemed incredible to the Jews, but in the end, it notes, “…they glorified God, saying, ‘Then God has also granted to the Gentiles repentance to life.'” Acts 11:18

Life application: Through the work of Christ, Gentiles are now an acceptable offering to God. The sealing of the Holy Spirit is evidence of this. The Spirit is given upon belief and without any other thing being necessary. If God has justified the sinner and sanctified him by the Holy Spirit, then how can we argue against what God has done?

Heavenly Father, when I think of what Jesus went through for me, I can scarce believe it. And yet, we were told it was coming all along. In Him is redemption, in Him is full pardon from sin. Everything written pointed to Him and everything is accomplished in Him. May I never boast except in the cross of Jesus Christ my Lord,by whom the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. Amen.