1 Corinthians (Written)

Sunday, 1 March 2015

After that He was seen by James, then by all the apostles. 1 Corinthians 15:7

“After that” means after the appearance of Christ first to Cephas, then to the twelve, and then to the five hundred-plus brethren mentioned in the preceding verse. At some time after these appearances, He was also “seen by James.” This is not James the brother of John, who was already dead by the time Paul wrote this letter. Rather, it is James, the son of Mary and Joseph; the half-brother of the Lord and the leader of the Council of Jerusalem recorded in Acts 15. He is also the author of the book of James.

Paul notes the following in Galatians 1:18, 19 –

“Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and remained with him fifteen days. ¹⁹ But I saw none of the other apostles except James, the Lord’s brother.”

It was probably during this time, when Paul explained his commission to the apostles, that James also told Paul that he had likewise been visited by the Lord after the resurrection. Because of this, he was qualified as an apostle. Like Peter’s testimony concerning Paul’s apostolic authority, Paul gives the same concerning James here. In other words, the Bible weaves together a solid tapestry which provides us all the assurance that we need to consider it reliable as a witness for the things of God.

Finally Paul notes, “then by all the apostles.” All who were considered apostles beyond the Twelve are who this is speaking of. When the visit occurred isn’t noted, nor is a specific number given. One speculation is that it is referring to the time of the ascension on the Mount of Olives. It is possible that these last mentioned might have been with Jesus at the ascension, thus appearing to them this one final time which is noted now by Paul.

Life application: Paul’s careful detailing of who saw Christ after the resurrection is given to bolster our faith. We have every assurance that the account is true and accurate. And so remember where these words are, and be prepared to defend your faith if it is challenged by a naysayer.

Heavenly Father, a lot of Your people have lost their lives at the hands of wicked people lately. And with the uncaring attitude of our leadership, it’s inevitable that these things will only increase in the days ahead. Should I be faced with an untimely demise because of my faith in You, I pray for strength to go out proclaiming my undying trust in the truth of Your word and in the Person of Jesus my Lord. Amen.

Saturday, 28 February 2015

After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain to the present, but some have fallen asleep. 1 Corinthians 15:6

After noting that Jesus was “seen by Cephas, then by the twelve” Paul gives us words which should be remembered by every Christian willing to defend the truth of the resurrection account. He says, “After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at once.” This is the only recorded instance of this occurrence in the Bible, but it is of the utmost importance concerning the reliability of resurrection testimony.

Where this occurred is unknown, but it could have been in the region of Galilee where much of His ministry occurred. In Matthew 28:10, this is recorded –

“Then Jesus said to them, ‘Do not be afraid. Go and tell My brethren to go to Galilee, and there they will see Me.'” Matthew 28:10

Wherever it was, it is recorded and therefore it could have been challenged. But even more than that are Paul’s next words. Not only was he seen by five hundred brethren at once, but he notes that “of whom the great part remain to the present.”

As Paul made this claim, any person who wanted to challenge it could have done so by asking for names or locations. If they did and he declined to give them, the claim could then have been refuted. But no such refutation exists. Further, if he gave a name, that person could have been checked with, who then could have identified others, and so on. If the story weren’t true, it would have quickly become evident because lies tend to break down between false witnesses.

In the end, and one way or the other, the truth of this claim would have been easy to determine or refute. If it was refuted, a simple letter would have been sufficient to call the claim out as false. However, there is no record of such a claim. The written testimony of Paul’s words, therefore, stand as positive and irrefutable evidence that these five hundred existed and testified to the truth of the account. Not only did the apostles, most of whom gave their lives for the gospel, testify to the resurrection, but so did five hundred others.

Finally, of these five hundred, Paul does notes that “some have fallen asleep.” It is another sure testimony to the truth of the account. By noting that “some have fallen asleep,” he is granting that a portion of them could obviously not testify any longer to what they had seen. It is another added point of credibility to the claim.

As a side note, the Greek word for “fallen asleep” is ekoimēthēsan. It is where the word koimeterion comes from, which means “sleeping place.” We translate that into the Christian idea of “cemetery.” For the Christian, there is no true “graveyard” where hope and life ends. Rather, there is the sweet place of rest until that day when we join Jesus with all our other Christian friends.

Life application: If you have doubts about your faith from time to time, stop having doubts. The word is sure and so is your hope.

Wondrous promise, eternal life guaranteed; and so the body planted is but a precious seed. For the soul who has placed their faith in Jesus, there is yet a hope so marvelous. Therefore, though we weep at our own loss; we can also rejoice because of the victory over Calvary’s cross. As Christ rose to life eternal defeating the grave; so will those who follow Him – He is mighty to save. Hallelujah and Amen.

Friday, 27 February 2015

…and that He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve. 1 Corinthians 15:5

After the resurrection, and as a proof of the resurrection, Paul now gives (which were at his time still-living) witnesses by name who were trustworthy to speak of what they saw. He says that “He was seen.” It is a common word, ophthe, which demonstrates that an actual appearance took place; He was literally seen.

First, it is noted that, “He was seen by Cephas.” This is the Aramaic form of Peter’s given name and it means “the Rock.” It is used nine times in the New Testament and only by John and by Paul in their writings. John uses it in John 1:42 when he explains that the name was given to him by Jesus. Paul uses it eight times it in the books of 1 Corinthians and Galatians. Including his name in the Aramaic form lends credibility to the testimony because it would have been the common form of address in Israel at that time; Aramaic was the commonly spoken language then. Further, noting him as “the Rock” was intended to show the stability and reliability of his testimony.

It is to be noted that women actually appeared to Jesus before Peter did, but Paul excludes their testimony, probably for two specific reasons. One is that at this time, women’s testimony did not bear the same weight as that of men. He is establishing reliable testimony and wanted nothing to interfere with that. Secondly, in the previous chapter, he noted that it was shameful for a woman to speak in church. Should he now designate these women as witnesses of Christ’s resurrection, they may then have been asked to verify that testimony. If a church were to call them for that witness, then it would cause them to violate the very words he had just written. Rather, Paul sticks to witnesses that were culturally accepted as reliable, and also acceptable to be speakers to the congregation.

After noting “Cephas,” he then shows that Jesus was seen “by the twelve.” Judas was already dead by then, but the term “twelve” is a title designating the office of the Apostles. Thus, it would be better rendered in the capitalized form as “the Twelve.” This use of the term is not unique to Paul. In John 20:24, we read this –

“Now Thomas, called the Twin, one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came.”

Judas was dead, and Thomas wasn’t around at this event, and yet John calls them “the twelve.” Thus, just like the term, “the twelve sons of Israel,” it is a designation for the collective whole.

Life application: God’s word is sure. It is reliable in every way. If you have doubts about a portion of it, research the matter, praying for guidance. The Lord will alleviate those doubts as you honestly seek to know the truth.

Thank You, O God! History, archaeology, internal witnesses, external witnesses, and even the sure test of fulfilled prophecy, all show me that Your word is true and reliable. Even in my own life, I have seen evidences for it come to pass. I can look to Israel and the Jew and know that what You said would happen would surely come about. I know that the Bible is God’s word and there is no other. Sixty-six precious little books which have come together to form Your word. I will proclaim its truths, even at the expense of my own life, should that be required of me. I stand on Your word. Amen.

Thursday, 26 February 2015

…and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, 1 Corinthians 15:4

The death of Christ is confirmed in His burial, just as it was in the burial of Lazarus. The previous verse noted “that Christ died for our sins.” If this is so, then that means He died in a sinless state, because only sinless perfection can take away the sin from one who has sin. This is something that Old Testament writings implicitly demonstrate.

Babies were often sacrificed by pagan nations, and even by wayward kings of Israel, in an attempt to expiate sin. But there is a sure proof that this didn’t work; the babies remained dead. If “the wages of sin is death” as the Bible proclaims, then if a baby who was sacrificed for another’s sin was sinless, the baby would resurrect. But this doesn’t happen. Instead, they bore their own inherited sin from Adam. David notes this in the 51st Psalm –

“Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,
And in sin my mother conceived me.” Psalm 51:5

There is no sinless perfection to be found, even in a mere babe. Thus Christ came, born of a woman, but His Father is God. Because of this, the line of sin was cut; there was no inherited sin. The God/Man was born sinless and he was born under the law. The record of the gospels shows us that He was not only born without sin, but He lived perfectly and died without sin as well. Only He then could be an acceptable sacrifice for the sins of fallen man. Again, Micah 6 shows us the unacceptable nature of offering even one’s child –

“With what shall I come before the Lord,
And bow myself before the High God?
Shall I come before Him with burnt offerings,
With calves a year old?
⁷ Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams,
Ten thousand rivers of oil?
Shall I give my firstborn for my transgression,
The fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?” Micah 6:6, 7

God would be pleased with none of those things in exchange for the sin of our soul. Burnt offerings of calves or rams are in a different category than man. Oil, even ten thousand rivers of it, cannot carry away sin. And even the “fruit” of our body, meaning our children, are unqualified because of inherited sin. But Christ could and He did. He died and “He was buried,” thus providing sure evidence for His death.

After that we are told “that He rose again the third day.” The death of Christ was a one-time-for-all-time occurrence, never to be repeated. His death was necessary to atone for our sin. However, just as the burial was sure evidence for His death, the resurrection of Christ is the sure proof that His death was sinless. If “the wages of sin is death” and Jesus had no sin of His own, then it would be impossible for Him to remain dead. Peter explains this in Acts 2, saying exactly that. Death could not hold Him because death had no jurisdiction over Him.

In approval of His sinless life, atoning death, and confirmed death through burial, God the Father raised Him from the dead. It was a one-time-and-forevermore event. The Lamb has overcome. And all of this is, as Paul again notes, according to the Scriptures. None of this was done in secret, and all of this was already anticipated by the very words which established the law that Christ came to fulfill. These things are revealed in that same law; crying out in anticipation of His fulfillment of them.

Life application: Christ died to take away our sins and to grant us eternal life. The very nature of the transaction shows that it is 1) Fully sufficient in and of itself, and 2) Eternal in nature. Trust in Christ, rest in Christ, and anticipate in your heart the soon coming again of Christ.

I am saved by the blood of Christ. Amen.

Wednesday, 25 February 2015

For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 1 Corinthians 15:3

Paul will now review “the gospel which I preached to you” which he mentioned in verse 1. This is not all-inclusive of his teaching, but it is, as he says, what “I delivered to you first of all.” This is an idiom which is found in the Greek translation of the Old Testament in Genesis 33:2 and 2 Samuel 5:8. It is the placing something before other things. His words then are those which are of paramount importance in understanding the work of Christ.

It needs to be considered that this letter is written about 25 years after the time of the resurrection. At this early point in Christian history, these tenets were passed on, understood, and held in the highest regard as points which were to be communicated during a gospel presentation. What he writes here closely matches the words of the Apostle’s Creed.

It should also be noted that a portion of what he will state is not recorded anywhere in the gospels. For that reason, he says, “that which I also received.” These words are a claim of divine inspiration. This then is what he is referring to in Galatians 1 –

“But I make known to you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached by me is not according to man. ¹² For I neither received it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came through the revelation of Jesus Christ.” Galatians 1:11, 12

The first point of his “first things” is “that Christ died for our sins.” Christ wasn’t just a martyr who did a good deed in giving up his life for another. Rather, He came with the specific intent and purpose of destroying the sinful state in which man exists, and which has been inherited in all men since the fall of man. Christ’s death was an atonement for sins committed, and an expiation of those sins, carrying them away, never to be held against His people again. He died in place of us (a vicarious offering) so that we could be reconciled once again to our Creator. In Christ’s death, our sins are nailed to His cross and we die to sin with Him. If this didn’t occur, then we would remain in our sins; forever separated from God.

This is where the hope begins, and so this is where Paul begins with his “first things.” And this death of Christ was “according to the Scriptures.” It must be remembered that there was no New Testament at the time of Paul. There were only the Hebrew Scriptures. Some of the gospels may have been recorded, and Paul was in the process of writing his epistles, but none were considered as “Scripture” at this point. Therefore, this is an explicit reference to the fact that the atoning death of Christ is referred to in the Old Testament.

And sure enough, it is found in every type and picture imaginable. It is also found in specific writings such as the psalms and in Isaiah. These truths may have been veiled, but upon completion of His work, they become clearly understood. All of Scripture speaks of the Person and work of Jesus Christ.

Concerning these “first things” that Paul speaks of in this verse and the verses to come, the Pulpit commentary notes seven points that are worthy of being repeated here –

1. It is the completest summary.
2. It refers to some incidents which are not mentioned in the Gospels.
3. It declares that the death and resurrection of Christ were a subject of ancient prophecy.
4. It shows the force of the evidence on which the apostles relied and the number of living eye witnesses to whom they could appeal.
5. It is the earliest written testimony to the Resurrection; for it was penned within twenty-five years of the event itself.
6. It shows that the evidence for the Resurrection as a literal, historical, objective fact, was sufficient to convince the powerful intellect of a hostile contemporary observer.
7. It probably embodies, and became the model for, a part of the earliest Creed of the Church.

Life application: Christ died for our sins. Let us not continue to live in sin, but to live in Christ, holy and undefiled.

Heavenly Father, I see time and time again in the New Testament that the writers say that a truth about Jesus is “according to Scripture.” And yet, there was no New Testament at that time, only the Old Testament. How wonderful it is to see that the coming work of Messiah was so clearly and plainly recorded in the Old so that when He came, it would be perfectly apparent to all that He is the fulfillment of what was written. Our hope isn’t in the words of man, but in what You have revealed since the beginning. I have the surest hope of all; I have Jesus! Amen.