Author: Charlie Garrett

Saturday, 25 July 2020

Likewise also these dreamers defile the flesh, reject authority, and speak evil of dignitaries. Jude -8

The words here closely parallel 2 Peter 2:10 –

“Likewise also these dreamers defile the flesh, reject authority, and speak evil of dignitaries.” Jude -8

“…and especially those who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries.” 2 Peter 2:10

Here, referring to those mentioned in verse 4 once again, Jude says, “Likewise also.” The NKJV fails to translate the word mentoi, or “yet.” It should say, “Yet likewise also.” In other words, in verse 4, he spoke of the people he is referring to now. Then, in verses 5-7, he gave examples of what people like them deserve because of their unbelief, pride, and/or sexual immorality. However, they ignore this. Therefore, he says, “Yet likewise also…”

Yet – despite what God has previously revealed in judgment.
Likewise – they emulate the corrupt people Scripture warns about
Also – they conduct themselves just like them

Understanding this, he then says, “these dreamers defile the flesh.” This is what he referred to in verse 7 where it noted those in Sodom and Gomorrah had “given themselves over to sexual immorality and gone after strange flesh.” Despite what God has previously revealed in judgment, they emulate the corrupt people Scripture warns about, and they conduct themselves just like them.

Jude next says they “reject authority.” This is what was referred to in verse 6 where the angels “did not keep their proper domain but left their own abode.” Thus, despite what God has previously revealed in judgment, they emulate the corrupt people Scripture warns about, and they conduct themselves just like them.

Finally, Jude finishes the verse with the note that they “speak evil of dignitaries.” This is what was referred to in verse 5 where the Lord “destroyed those who did not believe.” The Greek word Jude uses, doxas, refers to any glory which is revealed, especially the divine quality. This is what the people had done. In Numbers 14 this is only a portion of the evil they spoke against the Moses, against Aaron, and against the Lord –

“And all the children of Israel complained against Moses and Aaron, and the whole congregation said to them,’If only we had died in the land of Egypt! Or if only we had died in this wilderness! ³ Why has the Lord brought us to this land to fall by the sword, that our wives and children should become victims? Would it not be better for us to return to Egypt?’” Numbers 14:2, 3

Thus, despite what God has previously revealed in judgment, they emulate the corrupt people Scripture warns about, and they conduct themselves just like them. The rebellion against Moses and Aaron is akin to the rebellion of the angels leaving their position in heaven.

In this, Jude has formed a chiastic structure in order to reveal what he is speaking of concerning those who “have crept in unnoticed” that he spoke of in verse 4. To understand this, the following chiasm is laid out for you here –

Jude 1:5 – 1:8 – Likewise Also These Dreamers
The Just Punishment of the Unrighteous (7/14/2020)

a. the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe (v. 5)
—–b. And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode (v. 6)
———-c. given themselves over to sexual immorality and gone after strange flesh (v.7)
—————x. Likewise also these dreamers (v. 8)
———-c. defile the flesh (v. 8a)
—–b. reject authority (v. 8b)
a. speak evil of dignitaries (v. 8c)

Jude’s words show the train of thought concerning what is going on. Interestingly, it dispels the myth that Jude is tying the angels of verse 6 in with sexual immorality in verse 7 in order to justify angels sleeping with humans in Genesis 6. That is an aberrant ideology not supported anywhere in Scripture, and certainly not from the book of Jude.Rather, the idea of “strange flesh” cannot be equated to angels – which are spirit beings – but rather it speaks only of leaving the natural use between men and women and engaging in either homosexuality or maybe even other strange flesh like bestiality.

Life application: In review of Jude’s words, and how they still apply today, the people he speaks about –

Defile the flesh. The people in the church at Jude’s time, and which are in the church today, act in the same manner. There are perverts who sexually abuse of what God has created. They are defiled and impure.

They reject authority. There are some who cast off those who are trained in proper theology. They dismiss the moral code written upon every heart. And, they reject the word of God as authoritative. Instead, they cling to their own fantasies and the teachings of depraved individuals.

They speak evil of dignitaries. Such people reject not only the positions (authority) but they reject those who fill the positions. But Paul says in 1 Timothy 5:17, “Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and doctrine.” However, in rejecting the word of the Lord, they reject what is contained in the word. They also reject the Lord who gave the word.

Jude warns against these things because the senseless dreamers of religion are prone to each of the aberrant attitudes he mentions. We must be on guard against them, lest we be caught in the same net.

Lord God, Your word doesn’t hold back in its accusation of the immoral and godless – both within the church, and in the world at large. Thus, we shouldn’t either. Rather, give us boldness to stand against the perversion and ungodliness of the world around us and to stand fast in that which is holy, pure, and righteous. Amen.

Friday, 24 July 2020

…as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities around them in a similar manner to these, having given themselves over to sexual immorality and gone after strange flesh, are set forth as an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude -7

As noted, Jude has discussed two categories of sin which result in the judgment of God. The first was unbelief – Israel in the wilderness. The second was pride – the fallen angels. The third is now introduced, the sexual sin of Sodom and Gomorrah. His words begin with, “as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities around them in a similar manner to these.”

The account of Sodom and Gomorrah is found especially in Genesis 18 & 19. However, it is mentioned throughout the rest of Scripture, being used as an example of what is perverse and deserving of God’s judgment.

Understanding this, the word “as” is not tying the sexual sin of Sodom and Gomorrah to the same type of sin being committed by the angels (leaving their proper domain). Rather, it is referring to the punishment that will be noted in this verse, corresponding to the just judgment to be executed upon the angels (verse 6) and the destruction of those who did not believe (verse 5).

The point of what is said in these verses is to highlight the just nature of God’s judgment upon offenders. With the historical record of punishment laid out, those at Jude’s time, and indeed all of the church age, could expect nothing different if they committed such sins. The list of sins now includes sexual immorality, as Jude says, “having given themselves over to sexual immorality.”

As noted, the sins of Sodom are noted in Genesis 18 & 19. In Genesis 18, the Lord said to Abraham that “the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grave.” The people had turned to complete wickedness, and the Lord determined to destroy them. Genesis 19 gives exacting details of the particular nature of the sins of the people, specifically highlighting sexual immorality. But in that category, the sin of homosexuality is especially highlighted. As Jude says, “and gone after strange flesh.”

The meaning is that there is a normal order to sexual relationships – they are to be between a man and a woman. However, Sodom and Gomorrah had twisted this, and were engaging in sex between men. It is the perverse sin described in detail by Paul in Romans 1:18-25. Elsewhere, references to the perversion of homosexuality are mentioned as well.

Jude next says of them that they “are set forth as an example.” The verb Jude uses is explained by Vincent’s Word Studies, saying, “The verb means, literally, to lie exposed. Used of meats on the table ready for the guests; of a corpse laid out for burial; of a question under discussion. Thus, the corruption and punishment of the cities of the plain are laid out in plain sight.”

What happened to Sodom and Gomorrah is set before us in the biblical narrative to instruct us. It is plainly laid out so that any who hear of what occurred with be apprised that acting in the same manner will lead to a corresponding punishment for those who are unwilling to turn away from their vile actions.

This is one of the main points of everything that is recorded in Scripture. As Paul says to Timothy –

“All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, ¹⁷ that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.” 2 Timothy 3:16, 17

The words of Scripture are intended to instruct us in righteousness and to correct us. If we are unwilling to heed what is written, then whatever occurred to those in the past is what we should expect as well. As Jude says of those in Sodom and Gomorrah, they are “suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.”

The word “vengeance” is not really appropriate. God is not vengeful. Rather, such sins reflect a violation of His just, righteous, and holy character. The punishment which is brought upon offenders is what they rightfully deserve based on this. Therefore, translating this as “punishment of eternal fire” is much more appropriate.

The example of Sodom and Gomorrah is intended to show us that the destruction by fire that came upon them is what will also come upon those who conduct their lives in such an unholy manner. That takes us back to the words of the earlier clause which said, “in a manner similar to these.” It was referring to the punishment Sodom and Gomorrah suffered.

We have seen in this and the previous two verses  that those who fail to believe will be destroyed. Those who are prideful in life will be kept in chains of darkness, reserved for the judgment of the great day. And those who conduct their lives in unholy sexual immorality will suffer the eternal fires of God’s punishment. There is nothing arbitrary or vindictive about what God does. These actions come as a response to our violation of His glorious character. Thus, they are rightly deserved.

Life application: This is the third example of judgment presented by Jude. The first was the disbelieving people who came out of Egypt, the second was the disobedient angels who left their heavenly station (based on pride), and the third noted here concern the debauched and perverted souls who have given themselves over to sexual immorality. All three are common in today’s church, but the last noted is especially heinous because it involves the first two sins, disbelieving and disobedience, as well as the third, debauchery.  Paul says this about sexual immorality –

“Flee sexual immorality. Every sin that a man does is outside the body, but he who commits sexual immorality sins against his own body.” 1 Corinthians 6:18

Jude takes this example and stresses it in an even more poignant way. He specifically cites going “after strange flesh.” This is referring to homosexuality. That this is worthy of “the vengeance of eternal fire” is noted not only in the Law of Moses, but it predates the law, having been cited prior to the giving of the law in the account of Sodom and Gomorrah. Paul, in Romans 1, says that it is universally understood to be perverted and that we must “suppress the truth” in order to commit such an act. The term Jude uses today is ekporneusasai. It is a term which intensifies the concept of sexual sin because of its exceptionally perverted nature.

Churches that fragrantly flaunt homosexual behavior are facing self-condemnation right beside the other unregenerate people of the world. What God has ordained in the union of man and woman cannot be shunned because of our own perverted lusts and desires without the expectation of the most severe and eternal punishment.

Heavenly Father, who are we to shake our fists in Your face and upturn that which You have ordained and sanctified concerning intimate relations? But we as humans do, and then we refuse to repent of our actions. Lord, may we turn away from such things and back to what You have revealed concerning what is right and proper. There is that which is in accord with Your word – the loving and blessed relationship of a man and a woman in marriage – and there is all else. May we wake up to the truth of Your word, applying its morals to our lives before You. Amen.

Thursday, 23 July 2020

And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day; Jude -6

Jude had just referred to those who were saved out of Egypt, but who were later destroyed through unbelief. He now moves to a second type of example, that of willful pride. He begins with, “And the angels.”

It is speaking of heavenly beings. Jude’s words here follow along with Peter’s words found in 2 Peter 2:4 –

“For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment.”

It is the same thought now being presented by Jude. Peter did not state precisely what sin was involved, but Jude expands upon it here, saying, “who did not keep their proper domain.” The word translated as “domain” is arché. It signifies beginning, as in time, but also the first as in principality or rule. Some translations will choose one option, others the other option. As this is speaking of angels, which are being in a place of authority, it is certainly speaking of the latter. Paul uses it this way in Ephesians 6 –

“For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places.” Ephesians 6:12

These angels departed from their place of rank and authority. It is these angels which today are known as demons, and it is these unholy forces that Paul refers to. Jude next continues with, “but left their own abode.” The word he uses here speaks of a place of habitation; a house. The obvious conclusion is that in leaving their place of rule, they left their place where the rule occurs, meaning heaven.

In heaven, they were in a particular authority where angels were created to minister to man (see Hebrews 1:14). However, rather than ministering to man, the angels wanted to rule over man. This is clearly indicated in Paul’s words of Ephesians 6, but it is also found in Matthew 8, Mark 5, and Luke 8 in regard to the demoniac in the country of the Gergesenes (also known as the Gaderenes).

In these passages, it is seen that having left their heavenly abode, they came to earth, not as ministering spirits for God, but as invaders under Satan. Instead of being servants for the benefit of men, they came as tyrants over men. Of these, Jude says that “He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness.” Peter says that He “delivered them into chains of darkness.” The word Peter uses may signify a pit, rather than chains.

The idea is that those that have been imprisoned by God are bound in that state. There are others that are not yet bound, as noted above from both the gospels and Paul, but those that are have been so bound “for the judgment of the great day.”

In other words, there is a judgment not only for men, but for these fallen angels. Until the day of that judgment, they are securely bound by God. Someday they will be cast into the Lake of Fire for all eternity.

What needs to be remembered here is that Jude is speaking in categories – unbelief, pride, and then sexual sin. This is important to understand, because far too many people tie what occurs in this verse with what Jude will describe in the next verse, claiming that these angels were punished for sleeping with humans and creating a human/angelic hybrid. This is a forced reading into Genesis 6. That passage has nothing to do with angels sleeping with human beings.

Angels are spirit beings, and thus they have no matter. They cannot procreate with women. However, they can dwell in humans, as noted in the gospel references above. The proper domain of this verse is not speaking of sexual interactions with men, but abandoning their proper place of principality. Unfortunately, being captivated by single translations of the Bible, which present faulty renderings of what is being conveyed, has led to very poor theology in this particular regard.

Life application: This particular verse doesn’t find its overall support elsewhere in the Bible. In other words, this is not speaking of the “sons of God” referenced in Genesis 6. Rather, that verse is speaking of the line of Seth intermarrying with the line of Cain. This verse is either received from an oral tradition or it is referring to the book of Enoch, another non-canonical writing. If this is referring to Enoch, this doesn’t make Enoch inspired.

We make such an error at the expense of sound doctrine. Just because a document contains truth doesn’t make it wholly true. The Koran says “God is merciful,” which is true, but the Koran is overall a false book. If the book of Enoch has information contained in it from a reliable source, such as this verse, then Jude used it despite the soundness of the rest of the book.

Unlike humans, angels have no chance of redemption. We are shown that these fallen angels will remain in outer darkness until their judgment. However, and unlike them, as long as there is breath in our lungs, we have the chance to repent and turn to God. May we not withhold this truth from those around us who will someday find themselves in the same horrifying station as these angels, if they don’t come to God through Jesus the Lord.

Lord, as long as it is Day, give us the wisdom to use our time wisely – telling others about the glory of Jesus and the doom that will occur without accepting Him. May our hearts not become calloused and cold toward the pitiful state of the lost, but may they be broken for their condition. Use us, O Lord, to get the message out before it is too late. Amen.

Wednesday, 22 July 2020

But I want to remind you, though you once knew this, that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe. Jude -5

Jude now turns to a list of historical events concerning God’s judgment in order to show that He is very consistent in taking care of wickedness. Because of this, those mentioned in the previous verse “who were marked out for this condemnation” can expect no less because of their faithless, evil actions. Understanding this, he begins with, “But I want to remind you.” He is making a contrast between those he mentioned and those who conduct which is right and proper.

This sets the tone, and it is in line with what he said in verse 3 about it being necessary to exhort his audience to contend for the faith. In reminding them of the past events, they will be prepared to reject those who stray from what is proper, and they will be able to keep themselves in line with the truth as well. With this in mind, he next says, “though you once knew this.”

The translation, following the KJV, is entirely incorrect. The intent of his words doesn’t mean they knew what he is going to say and that they had forgotten. The verb is a perfect participle, and the word “once” signifies “once for all.” It should say something like, “though you know all things once for all.” Or more simply stated, “although you already know this.” Jude is simply stirring up their memory concerning the events he will present.

From there, he next says, “that the Lord.” It is interesting that some manuscripts here say “Jesus.” Thus, it is a clear reference to the fact that Jesus was clearly considered to be the incarnation of Yehovah of the Old Testament. As manuscripts vary, this can be argued against, but it is a point that was understood even at the earliest times of the church.

It is He, the Lord, who Jude continues to speak about, saying, “having saved the people out of the land of Egypt.” There is no article before “people.” It says, “a people,” thus signifying the entire body known as Israel. The account is found in the book of Exodus. The Lord fulfilled His promise to Abraham to bring his descendants out of bondage and bring them to the land of Canaan. He faithfully accomplished the first part for them. However, Jude next reminds his audience that “afterward destroyed those who did not believe.”

The Greek more precisely reads, “in the second place destroyed those who did not believe.” Jude is giving a sequence of events. In the first act, mercy was given to the people, but that was followed with the second action of destroying them. And, as it says, it was upon “those who did not believe.” The people were faithless, and the sin cost them their lives. As the account says –

“Then the Lord said to Moses: ‘How long will these people reject Me? And how long will they not believe Me, with all the signs which I have performed among them?’” Numbers 14:11

After that, the sentence was pronounced –

 “The carcasses of you who have complained against Me shall fall in this wilderness, all of you who were numbered, according to your entire number, from twenty years old and above. ³⁰ Except for Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun, you shall by no means enter the land which I swore I would make you dwell in. ³¹ But your little ones, whom you said would be victims, I will bring in, and they shall know the land which you have despised. ³² But as for you, your carcasses shall fall in this wilderness.” Numbers 14:29-32

The people did not believe the Lord, and for their faithlessness, they were destroyed.

It should be noted that Jude will list three sins which bring about God’s judgment. This is the same as 2 Peter 2 where Peter does the same thing. They speak of the same types of things, but in the case of the three judgments Peter mentions, they were chronological in nature – the angels, then the Flood of Noah, and then Sodom and Gomorrah. Jude changes the order and lists them categorically – the wilderness generation of Israel who departed from Egypt, the angels, and then Sodom and Gomorrah. These correspond to unbelief, pride, and sexual immorality.

Understanding this categorical listing will help keep the reader from coming to improper conclusions concerning other passages in the Bible.

Life application: Out of the entire congregation of Israel 20 years old and older, only two people entered the Promised Land because of their lack of faith.

Jude reminds us that we have the word of the Lord in its fullness in the Person and work of Jesus and in the Bible which records His deeds. Therefore, to disbelieve what God has so carefully prepared for us will also lead to eventual destruction. Rather than the “Promised Land” of heaven, there will be the eternal destruction of a self-chosen hell. The consequences for lacking faith are immense.

O God, give us faith to believe the precious word You have blessed us with. Also, give us understanding in what it contains so that our doctrine will be pure and our understanding of Jesus and His workings will be correct. Thank You for all You have done for us. Please keep us forever reminded of those things. This we pray to Your glory. Amen.

Tuesday, 21 July 2020

For certain men have crept in unnoticed, who long ago were marked out for this condemnation, ungodly men, who turn the grace of our God into lewdness and deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ. Jude -4

Jude just wrote that the purpose of the letter is for his reader “to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.” With that main thought now in mind, he explains why this was necessary. As you read, consider that these words have come within the first generation after the Lord completed His work. Jude, being a brother of the Lord, is warning against such things at this early date.

Further, the idea conveyed here is closely aligned with the word of Peter in his second epistle –

“But there were also false prophets among the people, even as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Lord who bought them, and bring on themselves swift destruction.” 2 Peter 2:1

And so, he begins with, “For certain men have crept in unnoticed.”

The verb pareisduó, translated as “crept in unnoticed,” is found only here in the Bible. It signifies to enter alongside, meaning secretly or under pretense. One could think of someone joining a party by coming in the side door. Nobody saw him come in, but he is there as if an invited guest. These are the ones who, as Peter says, “secretly bring in destructive heresies.”

Both men are admonishing believers to be on guard, and to watch for those who stealthily come into the church and who start twisting things, perverting that which has been set and established by the word of God. What they teach, however, is so seemingly innocuous that it is almost imperceptible at first. Of this sort, Jude says, “who long ago were marked out for this condemnation.”

The word translated as “long ago” gives the sense of the event having been set beforehand – be it from eternity past, or just an extended period of time. It is an indefinite time, but without further clarification the “when” of the matter is unknown. All that can be discerned is that these people were “marked out” long ago for condemnation.

The word, prographó, translated as “marked out,” signifies “written before.” It can signify one of two things: 1) literally written out before in time, or 2) it is an open and public thing, as if on display. The first option is probably what is on Jude’s mind. He has said that it was “long ago.” Therefore, it is probably referring to warnings that had already been noted by others that these sorts of people would creep in. But it was also known that, by their actions, they would be set for condemnation.

The sort of condemnation will be explained in the coming verses as Jude gives several examples of such people from past history, and then he will tell of the judgment that came upon them for their vile conduct. This is what is expected for those who creep into the church with similar conduct.

Of these sort, Jude calls them, “ungodly men.” The word signifies those who are impious, wicked, and ungodly. A sad note concerning this is that Paul, using the same Greek word, says in Romans 5:6 that, “For when we were still without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.”

The difference here is that these people not only are ungodly, but they purposefully continue in their ungodliness, even when they know what the truth of God in Christ is. They actively come into the church with the intent to destroy it from within. As Jude says of them, “who turn the grace of our God into lewdness.”

Paul noted that Christ died for the ungodly. The ramification of his words is obvious – Christ had to die because of our deeds which are contrary to what God expects. If this is so, then our deeds were an offense to God. Therefore, when we realize this, we are to come to Christ and then turn from those wicked deeds. As Paul says in Romans 6:1-4 –

“What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? ² Certainly not! How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it? ³ Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? ⁴ Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.”

However, Jude’s words show that these people intentionally will continue on in their ungodliness, even after knowing that it is the very thing that necessitated the cross of Jesus Christ. Because of this, he says they “deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ.”

In these words, some manuscripts leave out the word “God.” In 2 Peter 1 (above), there is only the denial of the Lord. If the word “God” is accurately omitted, then the Greek would be more in accord with Peter’s words. Either way, the argument is not changed to a great extent when it is clearly understood that Jesus is God. When one denies Jesus, they also deny God (for example, see 1 John 2:22, 23).

With this understood, Jude’s words signify that Christ died for sins. To continue on in sinning is to then deny Jesus Christ – meaning all that His life and work signify. It is a rejection of Him, and it thus is a rejection of God who sent Him. There can be no hope for a person who knows they are an offense to God, and yet they willfully and purposefully deny that their actions are wrong.

The gospel says that Christ died for our sins. If we deny that our actions are sinful, then we have not received the gospel. Thus, such people have been long ago marked out for condemnation. This is the idea behind Jude’s words. He is not referring to those who struggle with sin, knowing it is sin and receiving Christ’s pardon for it. He is speaking of those who ignore the pardon and secretly bring in the heresies that indicate living in a continued state of sin is acceptable.

Life application: A person who creeps into a church as described by Jude is comparable to a thief breaking in. Heretics come in stealthily and set themselves up as if they belong where they are. But their actions are entirely opposed to the truth of Scripture.

They are no different than Judas who betrayed Jesus. In John 13, it says that when Judas went out to betray Jesus “… some thought, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus had said to him, ‘Buy those things we need for the feast,’ or that he should give something to the poor.” In other words, even those who lived and associated with him didn’t know the true type of person he was.

This is the trouble with not knowing the Bible properly. If you aren’t soundly grounded in Scripture, then a heretic can have complete control over your future theology. This has happened throughout the Christian age and examples from the recent past are enough to fill a swimming pool – Joseph Smith, Ellen G. White, Charles Tazz Russell, David Koresh, James Jones, Gene Robinson, and on and on.

The list of those who are ungodly and who turn the “grace of our God into lewdness” is appallingly long. In the end, they “deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ.” They don’t usually do this with their lips, but rather with their actions.

Be careful who you listen to. Check what you are taught, and be wise in your understanding of God’s word.

Heavenly Father, please grant us the wisdom to pursue your word now so that when a false teacher comes along, we will be able to identify him as the stealthy thief he really is. Even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. But in the end, he is filled with lies and wickedness. Keep us from such people so that we will always be secure in You. Amen.