Judges 12:8-15 (Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel)

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson.

Judges 12:8-15
(Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel)

(Typed 18 March 2024) In previous Judges sermons, we have seen pictures of what is coming upon Israel, and indeed the whole world, in the tribulation period. That was especially on display in the story of Gideon.

However, the narrative went back in time and gave us a look into the work of the antichrist during the tribulation period through the story of Abimelech.

Tola and Jair then gave insights into the coming millennium. But the ongoing narrative again backed up in the next passage to provide further detail into the time of Israel without Christ. This was a necessary step to lead to an understanding of who is and who is not right with God.

Clarity is needed to understand who of Israel would enter the millennium. In other words, there are believers before the time of Jesus who will enter, such as Daniel. They were saved under the time of the law, but not everyone under the time of the law was saved.

Likewise, the people after the coming of Christ who hold to the law could say, “We are doing what they were doing and we will be saved.” But that is incorrect. This was clearly revealed in the sermons about Jephthah.

Each account has been given to provide insights into redemptive history and to have those who look into these things solidify their theology concerning proper doctrine during various dispensations.

With Jephthah complete, a picture similar to that of Tola and Jair appears again in today’s verses.

Text Verse: “Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, ‘Who are these arrayed in white robes, and where did they come from?’
14 And I said to him, ‘Sir, you know.’
So he said to me, “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15 Therefore they are before the throne of God, and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them.” Revelation 17:13-15

Israel today is A People who are not God’s people, except in regard to His future reacceptance of them. That was clearly and unambiguously seen in the sermons on Jephthah.

So the question is, what is it that makes any people the people of God? The answer is faith. But more than that, it is properly directed faith. Those who were under the law before Jesus’ coming were saved by faith in God’s provision at that time.

Since Christ’s coming, man is saved by faith in God’s provision of Jesus Christ. One cannot back up to the law and say, “I am going to be saved by God’s provision of the Law of Moses.” No! It didn’t save at that time, except as it anticipated Christ, and it cannot save at all now – in any way, shape, or form because Christ has come and fulfilled it. The time of the law is done.

Jephthah cleared that up. Now, we come to the results of that typology in the naming of three Judges of Israel. The passage is filled with wonderful hints of what God has ahead in history. Please enjoy the pictures to come. They are a magnificent part of God’s superior word. And so, let us turn to that precious word once again, and… May God speak to us through His word today, and may His glorious name ever be praised.

I. They Judged Israel (verses 8-15)

The narrative now turns to three judges whose combined time of judging Israel comprises a mere eight verses. They are not mentioned elsewhere in Scripture, so this is all that we have to go on.

Unlike Jephthah, all three of these judges are located west of the Jordan. Each of them is said to be “after him,” so there is a chronological aspect to them. However, it does not logically follow that they judged in order with the other events and judges later noted, such as Samson. They simply judged after Jephthah and after one another.

That they come after Jephthah chronologically is seen in the opening words of our passage today…

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael ivtsan mi’beithlakhem – “And judges, after him, Israel, Ibzan from Bethlehem.” This judge, Ibzan, judges after the time of Jephthah. The location of his judgeship is said to be Bethlehem, but it is not necessarily Bethlehem in Judah.

In Judges, Bethlehem is noted nine times. Seven of those times, it specifically notes Bethlehem Judah to define which Bethlehem. This is also true of the opening words of Ruth which occurred during the time of the judges. Only after it was specifically defined twice as Bethlehem Judah is the word Judah omitted.

Josephus says that it is Bethlehem Judah, but his writings are not always reliable. They need to be considered as mere possibilities, not as adamant proofs. Also, due to the closeness of spelling between Ibzan and Boaz, some Jewish commentaries state it is the same person. However, the Hebrew spelling is not that close. The names are derived from different roots.

Taking this to a ludicrous extreme, however, Cambridge says, “His city was probably not the Beth-lehem in Judah, because the Bk of Judges is not concerned with Judah.” Judah is mentioned over twenty times in Judges. Samson’s judgeship, which is the next major section coming in the book of Judges, has dealings with Judah.

There isn’t definitive proof either way, but the lack of noting Judah after Bethlehem may indicate another Bethlehem, probably that noted in Joshua 19, is being referred to. That Bethlehem was within the borders of Zebulun which lies to the north of Judah and west of the Jordan and the Sea of Galilee in Canaan.

Having said all that, a couple of points should be considered. The first is that arbitrarily trusting commentaries without verifying what they say is not a sound approach to learning what is being conveyed in Scripture.

The second is that whether this is in Judah or Zebulun, it is irrelevant to what is needed to understand the typology being conveyed. In fact, we can deduce that by stating the tribe it would mar whatever typology needs to be drawn from the passage.

Of the name Ibzan has several possibilities: Their Whiteness, literally, Their Tin as White (Jackson’s dictionary); Great Fatigue (Jones’); Splendid (Young’s); or, using the same root as Young’s, ebets (to gleam or conspicuous), it could mean Gleam, Illustrious, Conspicuous, etc.

Bethlehem means House of Bread (lekhem), but without the vowel pointing it is identical to the verb meaning war (lakham). Thus, it has a secondary meaning of House of War (Battle). The connection between the two is that in battle, it is as if those being killed are consumed like food. Of him, it next says…

He had thirty sons.

v’hi lo sh’loshim banim – “And is, to him, thirty sons.” He is noted just after Jephthah who had no surviving children, at least as recorded in the narrative. A son in Scripture can have a multitude of significations, but the main sense of being a son is that of identity of character or nature.

Of the number of sons, Bullinger says –

“THIRTY being 3 x 10, denotes in a higher degree the perfection of Divine order, as marking the right moment. CHRIST was thirty years of age at the commencement of His ministry, Luke 3:23. JOSEPH, His type, was the same age, Genesis 41:46. DAVID also, when he began to reign, 2 Samuel 5:4.” E.W. Bullinger

In their lives, both Joseph and David were types of Christ. Along with Ibzan’s thirty sons, it next says…

9 (con’t) And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage, and brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons.

u-sh’loshim banoth shilakh ha’khutsah u-sh’loshim banoth hevi l’banav min ha’khuts – “and thirty daughters sends the outside-ward. And thirty daughters came to his sons from the outside.” The idea of daughters in Scripture carries a similar connotation to that of sons for people and things that are feminine. It conveys the idea of identity of character or nature.

Here, the contrast between Jephthah and Ibzan is strikingly set forth for us to see. Jephthah’s only child, his daughter, was sacrificed as an offering to the Lord for the victory realized in battle. She remained unmarried. On the other hand, Ibzan has thirty daughters he gave away in marriage and he gained thirty daughters-in-law through marriage to his sons.

Of this, Ellicott says, “Implying polygamy, wealth, and state.” Actually, none of these is implied. He may have outlived or divorced many wives. He may have been rich or poor. And he may have lived in the most modest of conditions.

Ellicott then states, “The only reason for recording the marriage of his sons and daughters is to show that he was a great man, and sought additional influence by intermarriages with other families.” But we have already shown another reason, which is that his life is set in complete contrast to his predecessor.

In other words, we must be careful to not insert what the text is silent on, and we must not assume we know everything that is being conveyed. Any speculation should always be noted as such. Specific words are provided by the Lord, but as simple as they are, they may carry more intent than we realize. Of Ibzan, it next says…

9 (con’t) He judged Israel seven years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael sheva shanim – “And judges, Israel, seven years.” Seven is the number of spiritual perfection. Bullinger continues to define it, saying –

“In the Hebrew, seven is shevah. It is from the root savah, to be full or satisfied, have enough of. Hence the meaning of the word ‘seven’ is dominated by this root, for on the seventh day God rested from the work of Creation. It was full and complete, and good and perfect. Nothing could be added to it or taken from it without marring it. Hence the Shavath, to cease, desist, rest, and Shabbath, Sabbath, or day of rest. … It tells of that eternal Sabbath-keeping which remains for the people of God in all its everlasting perfection. In the creative works of God, seven completes the colours of the spectrum and rainbow, and satisfies in music the notes of the scale. In each of these the eighth is only a repetition of the first. Another meaning of the root [Shava] is to swear, or make an oath. It is clear from its first occurrence in Genesis 21:31, ‘They sware both of them,’ that this oath was based upon the ‘seven ewe lambs’ (vv 28,29,30), which point to the idea of satisfaction or fulness in an oath. It was the security, satisfaction, and fulness of the obligation, or completeness of the bond, which caused the same word to be used for both the number seven and an oath; and hence it is written, ‘an oath for confirmation is an end of all strife.’”

10 Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem.

vayamath ivtsan vayiqaver b’veithlakhem – “And dies, Ibzan, and buried in Bethlehem.” The time he was a judge was seven years. But his age at death is left unstated. He could have become judge at ninety and died at ninety-seven. The details of his life, though sparse, are carefully recorded.

11 After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael elon hazvuloni – “And judges, after him, Israel, Elon the Zebulunite.” The words “after him” can mean immediately after him or at some point after him. It also does not negate someone else judging at the same time. Elon is a judge of Israel after the time of Ibzan. The name Elon comes from elon, a terebinth or oak. Jones’ dictionary defines it as Magnificent Oak.

However, elon is derived from ayil, a ram. That in turn comes from ul, to be strong. Thus, Young’s defines it as either Oak or Strong.

Zebulun means Glorious Dwelling Place.

Even less is said of him than of his predecessor…

11 (con’t) He judged Israel ten years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael esher shanim – “And judges, Israel, ten years.” These five words sum up his time as judge. Ten, according to Bullinger signifies –

“Completeness of order, marking the entire round of anything, is, therefore, the ever-present signification of the number ten. It implies that nothing is wanting; that the number and order are perfect; that the whole cycle is complete.”

12 And Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun.

vayamath elon hazvuloni vayiqaver b’ayalon b’erets zevulun – “And dies, Elon the Zebulonite. And buried in Aijalon in land Zebulun.” There appears to be a play on words here based on the Hebrew spelling of the name and his burial location –

אלון
אילון

Other than the additional letter yod, the spelling is identical. And there is a reason for them being so similar. Aijalon comes from ayyal, a deer. Hence, it signifies Place of the Deer. However, that also comes from the same root as elon, which is ul, or strength. Hence, Place of Strength is not out of line.

Noting that Aijalon is in the country of Zebulun is to distinguish it from another location with the same name recorded in the territory of Dan.

To close out the chapter, one more judge is introduced…

13 After him, Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael avdon ben hilel hapirathoni – “And judges, after him, Yisrael, Abdon son Hillel the Pirathonite.” Again, the words “after him” can mean immediately after him, or at some point after him. It also does not negate someone else judging at the same time. Abdon is a judge of Israel after the time of Elon.

The name Abdon comes from abad, to work or serve. It is variously defined as Servile, Hard Slavery, etc. However, the on (vavnun couple) at the end of the name is often used as a locative or personified structure. Therefore, it can mean Place of Work or Working One.

Hillel comes from halal, generally translated as praise. It is also variously translated as glory, boast, etc. It means Praise (of God), Praised Greatly, Praise, He has Praised, etc.

Pirathon is variously defined as Just Revenge, Peak, Top, or Height. However, Abarim says –

“Here at Abarim Publications we surmise that the town and both the judge and the mighty-man were named after a method of social formation that also sits at the heart of the gospel of Jesus Christ, and which would make Israel a “kingdom of kings” (Daniel 2:44, 1 TIMOTHY 6:14-15, REVELATION 5:10, 17:14), namely by the joining of autonomous people without compromising anybody’s freedom and autonomy and in fact adding to it (GALATIANS 5:1). Our name means [Town] Of The Confederation, and since the early Scriptures respect Egypt as ancestral (rather than reject it as some mere fruitless oppressor), our name even means Place Of The Little Pharaohs.”

Of Abdon, it next says…

14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons,

v’hi lo arbaim banim u-shloshim b’ne banim – “And is, to him, forty sons and thirty sons’ sons.” The number forty is defined by Bullinger, saying –

“It is the product of 5 and 8, and points to the action of grace (5), leading to and ending in revival and renewal (8). This is certainly the case where forty relates to a period of evident probation. But where it relates to enlarged dominion, or to renewed or extended rule, then it does so in virtue of its factors 4 and 10, and in harmony with their signification.”

As this is speaking of an enlarged dominion and extended rule, it should rather be defined by four, the number of material creation, and ten, the number of completeness of order. It would thus refer to completeness of order in the material creation.

Thirty was previously defined.

Of these progenies, it next says…

14 (con’t) who rode on seventy young donkeys.

rokhvim al shivim ayarim – “riding upon seventy donkey-colts.” This is not unlike Jair in Judges 10 who was said to have thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys.

The word translated as donkey is ayir. It is a colt, a young donkey. The word comes from ur, to rouse oneself or awaken. The connection is that of raising (bearing) a burden. This type of donkey pictures ruling status. This is seen in Zechariah –

“Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion!
Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem!
Behold, your King is coming to you;
He is just and having salvation,
Lowly and riding on a donkey,
A colt [ayir], the foal of a donkey.” Zechariah 9:9

As with Jair, this is equivalent to saying, “seventy who ruled.”

The number seventy, as defined by Bullinger, “signifies perfect spiritual order carried out with all spiritual power and significance. Both spirit and order are greatly emphasised.”

Concerning Abdon, it says…

14 (con’t) He judged Israel eight years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael sh’moneh shanim – “And judged, Israel, eight years.” Of this number, Bullinger says, “It is 7 plus 1. Hence it is the number specially associated with Resurrection and Regeneration, and the beginning of a new era or order.” With this short description complete it next says…

*15 (fin) Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mountains of the Amalekites.

vayamath avdon ben hilel hapirathoni vayiqaver b’pirathon b’erets ephrayim b’har amaleqi – “And dies, Abdon, son Hillel the Pirathonite. And buried in Pirathon, in land Ephraim, in mount the Amalekite.” The chapter ends with these words.

The name Ephraim means Twice Fruitful and Ashes.

Amalek is derived from am, people, and malaq, to nip or wring off the head of a bird with or without severing it from the body. Thus, they are The People Who Wring Off. They are those who are disconnected from the body and strive to disconnect the body.

As has been seen many times, a mountain is a lot of something gathered. It is synonymous with a large but centralized group of people. There has not been a lot of surface information in these accounts. However, because typology is being conveyed, a lot can be gleaned from them.

Ibzan came after Jephthah to show us some stuff
Then came Elon to show us some more
But these two weren’t quite enough
And so came Abdon, to show us the score

Three judges over Israel
Three men who anticipate the coming Christ
What a marvelous thing that their lives tell
Showing us how pleasing God is priced

It doesn’t come by works of the law
It isn’t found in arrogant pride
Remember the things you heard and saw
Come to Jesus and stand on His side

Jesus! Jesus! Jesus! In Him the victory
All hail our Lord Jesus there before the glassy sea

II. Pictures of Christ

The account of these three judges comes after that of Jephthah. This tells us that any typology is to be taken sequentially after what was said in the narrative of Jephthah, regardless as to whether the times of these judges is chronologically sequential or not.

Jephthah’s battle was against Ammon, A People. That battle anticipates the people of Israel who reject Christ during this dispensation. They have no inheritance among the redeemed of the Lord.

That included the narrative of Jephthah’s daughter being sacrificed which indicated the price God was willing to pay to secure true believers in Christ during this dispensation. Those who believe will be saved while those who do not will be eternally separated from God.

The first seven verses of this chapter showed that anyone of this dispensation who relies on the law for salvation, assuming he can be saved through it, will also be eternally separated from God. The law cannot save. It only brings condemnation. Only Jesus can save.

The first judge introduced after Jephthah is Ibzan of Bethlehem. He anticipates Jesus, Splendid (Illustrious, etc.) from Bethlehem, the House of Bread. He is Splendor of God and the Bread of Life. Saying he has thirty sons refers to the sonship that comes through Him and which is ultimately revealed “at the right moment.”

There is a time when the sonship of His people or the rejection of His people will be fully realized. The thirty daughters going out and the other thirty daughters coming in for his sons anticipate the inheritances of His people.

The word inheritance is feminine in both Hebrew (nakhalah) and Greek (kléronomia). At the right moment in time, those who reject Him will have their inheritances sent out while those who are His will have their inheritances brought in.

Saying Ibzan judged Israel seven years signifies the spiritual perfection of those saved. As Bullinger noted, the root signifies satisfied or have enough. And more, Bullinger noted the connection to rest, something that is finally granted to those who are saved, as well as the satisfaction of an oath, something that comes through the covenant promises which are finally realized.

Ibzan’s death closes out the typology. Stating that he was buried in the same place he came from is a confirmation of the typology concerning Christ being the Bread of Life that feeds His people eternally.

After Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite is mentioned. He is Strong, the Glorious Dwelling Place-ite, referring to Jesus who is from heaven. He judged Israel ten years. It speaks of the totality of the millennium, marking completeness of order of the dispensation. Nothing is wanting and the entire cycle is complete.

Saying that Elon the Zebulunite was buried in Aijalon in Zebulun is a way of saying that Jesus, the Man from heaven, retains His strong position at the end of the millennium that He possessed at the beginning of it. Thus, it reflects the state of those who possess the millennium in Christ.

After Elon came Abdon, son of Hillel, the Pirathonite. Translated, it speaks of Jesus: Working One, son of Praise, the Confederationite. Jesus, the Working One, is the One who accomplished all the work necessary for man to be reconciled to God.

He is the Son (meaning His character and nature) of Praise and the One who brings together as one every tribe, tongue, and nation, on earth “by the joining of autonomous people without compromising anybody’s freedom and autonomy and in fact adding to it” (Abarim). As it says in Revelation 5 –

“And they sang a new song, saying:
‘You are worthy to take the scroll,
And to open its seals;
For You were slain,
And have redeemed us to God by Your blood
Out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation,
10 And have made us kings and priests to our God;
And we shall reign on the earth.’” Revelation 5:9, 10

The millennium will be filled with those who accepted Christ, both Jew and Gentile from everywhere, when it is populated after the tribulation. That includes both those who survived through the tribulation as well as those who will reject the mark of the beast –

“And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was committed to them. Then I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received his mark on their foreheads or on their hands. And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years.” Revelation 20:4-6

This period is defined in the words concerning the forty sons and thirty grandsons. As noted, because this speaks of enlarged dominion and extended rule, it is to be defined by four, the number of material creation, and ten, the number of completeness of order.

The number, therefore, refers to completeness of order in the material creation. This is exactly what is contemplated in the thought of the millennium, meaning the final thousand years of man in the redemptive narrative.

The number thirty signifies the perfection of Divine order as marking right moment. The dispensational plan is complete with the ending of the millennium. Every word of the provided typology leading up to this point has carefully and precisely marked out all that is going on in the redemptive narrative from the time of the law through the completion of the millennium.

To fully reveal this, the two numbers are combined when noting the seventy donkeys. It reveals the “perfect spiritual order carried out with all spiritual power and significance. Both spirit and order are greatly emphasized” (Bullinger).

As noted, the type of donkey here pictures ruling status. That could not be more perfectly summed up than with the words of Revelation 20:6, they “shall reign with Him a thousand years.”

Of Abdon, Working One, it says he judged eight years. That exactingly describes the completion of the millennium, the seventh dispensation. It refers to regeneration and the beginning of a new era or order. This is just what lies ahead after the millennium –

“Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. Also there was no more sea. Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, ‘Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God Himself will be with them and be their God. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.’
Then He who sat on the throne said, ‘Behold, I make all things new.’ And He said to me, ‘Write, for these words are true and faithful.’” Revelation 21:1-5

The final verse of the chapter referred to Abdon’s death and where he was buried. It is a beautifully fitting end to this narrative –

“And dies, Working One, son of Praise, the Confederationite. And buries him in Confederation in the land of Twice Fruitful/Ashes in mount the People Who Wring Off.”

Exodus 17 ended with the words –

“And Moses built an altar and called its name, The-Lord-Is-My-Banner; 16 for he said, “Because the Lord has sworn: the Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” Exodus 17:15, 16

Jesus, because of the afflictions of His work (Ashes) became Twice Fruitful, gathering people from Jews and Gentiles despite the constant ongoing battle with the legalism of law observance. His work alone has defeated Amalek once and forever.

From Christ’s comprehensive, consummate, complete, and continuously effective work, there will be a heavenly confederation from every people group on the planet, hailing the Lamb of God for all eternity.

Without any manipulation at all, but simply reading the provided information gathered from these verses, it has revealed exactly what has been going on throughout the entire redemptive narrative since Judges 1.

Each step has carefully and meticulously provided doctrine to lead Israel to an understanding of what God in Christ is doing. As Gentiles today are included in the commonwealth of Israel, it is inclusive of us as well.

In this section, the three Judges combined reigned for a total of twenty-five years. The total is purposeful. It sums up the millennium dispensation. Each separate period bears its own signification. However, this total does as well –

“TWENTY-FIVE being the square of five (52 or 5×5), expresses the essence of the signification of five, i.e. grace, whether used alone or occurring as a factor in larger numbers.” Bullinger

The meaning is that whether before the coming of Christ or after His coming, and even through the millennium, man is saved solely by the grace of God in Christ. But there is more. Because these three narratives are linked to Jephthah’s rule by the words “after him,” the total, thirty-one years, has its own relevance.

“THIRTY-ONE The Hebrew expression of this is l), El, the name of God, and its signification as a number or factor would be Deity.” Bullinger

Without needing to stretch this at all, and because all four of these Judges clearly and unambiguously picture Christ, it is a resounding note to us that Jesus Christ is God.

As noted previously, to say that one must observe the law (which Jesus fulfilled) in order to be saved is an implicit denial of the truth that Jesus is God. Thus, to rely on the law after the completion of His work is the spirit of the antichrist, meaning denying the Father/Son relationship.

A battle is being waged, a spiritual battle, that is being worked out in literal human history, including worldwide battles that are prophesied to happen in the future. Every step of this process is given to refine and purify those who will come to God through faith in Jesus Christ alone.

No person can be saved apart from His work. This is what the Bible says. Let us pay heed to the message, put ourselves and our pride aside, and let us trust – wholly and completely – in Jesus Christ alone. He can (and He will ) save. Hooray for Jesus!

Closing Verse: “They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; 17 for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” Revelation 17:16, 17

Next Week: Judges 13:1-14 Fun a ton! His story is so swell… (Samson, Judge of Israel, Part I) (39th Judges Sermon)

The Lord has you exactly where He wants you. He has a good plan and purpose for you. It is He who judges His people according to their deeds. So, follow Him, live for Him, and trust Him, and He will do marvelous things for you and through you.

Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel
He had thirty sons, that’s several tons
And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage
And brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons

He judged Israel seven years, certainly enjoying them
Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem

After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel
He judged Israel ten years, sure was fun
And Elon the Zebulunite died
And was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun

After him, Abdon the son of Hillel
The Pirathonite judged Israel
He had forty sons and thirty grandsons
Who rode on seventy young donkeys. What a story to tell!

He judged Israel eight years
Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died
And was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim
In the mountains of the Amalekites. From there, he will make
———-his transformation ride

Lord God, turn our hearts to be obedient to Your word
Give us wisdom to be ever faithful to You
May we carefully heed each thing we have heard
Yes, Lord God may our hearts be faithful and true

And we shall be content and satisfied in You alone
We will follow You as we sing our songs of praise
Hallelujah to You; to us Your path You have shown
Hallelujah we shall sing to You for all of our days

Hallelujah and Amen…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel. He had thirty sons. And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage, and brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons. He judged Israel seven years. 10 Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem.

11 After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel. He judged Israel ten years. 12 And Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun.

13 After him, Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel. 14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy young donkeys. He judged Israel eight years. 15 Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mountains of the Amalekites.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:9

House or Senate, Wyoming Capitol.

Sunday, 9 June 2024

So when this was done, the rest of those on the island who had diseases also came and were healed. Acts 28:9

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

More exactingly, it reads, “This, therefore, having occurred, also the others having infirmities in the island approached and were healed” (CG).

In the previous verse, Paul went into the sick father of Publius, prayed, and laid hands on him. With that, he was healed. Because of this, Luke continues, beginning with, “This, therefore, having occurred.”

He is showing a consequence based on an action. Because of Paul’s healing of the sick man, the word got out. This was the father of the leading citizen of the island and what occurred could not be hidden from the ears of the people. Once they realized Paul had the gift of healing, therefore, it next says, “also the others having infirmities in the island approached.”

The article before others is necessary for the intent of what is being said. Some translations simply say, “others also.” The inclusion of the article gives the sense that there was a rush upon Paul once the word had gotten out. In their coming to Paul with their infirmities, it then says, “and were healed.”

This is, therefore, a tie back to Luke 5 where the word went out about Jesus’ miracles to the point that everyone came to Him to be healed –

“Then He put out His hand and touched him, saying, ‘I am willing; be cleansed.’ Immediately the leprosy left him. 14 And He charged him to tell no one, ‘But go and show yourself to the priest, and make an offering for your cleansing, as a testimony to them, just as Moses commanded.’
15 However, the report went around concerning Him all the more; and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by Him of their infirmities. 16 So He Himself often withdrew into the wilderness and prayed.” Luke 5:13-16

Luke is making a direct connection between the healing powers of Jesus and those of Paul, demonstrating that the same power that was upon Jesus now rested upon Paul. The Spirit of God was confirming the message of Jesus to those on the island of Malta.

Of the words of this verse, the Geneva Bible says, “Although Paul was a captive, yet the power of God was not captive.”

Life application: The people of Malta came to Paul for healing of their physical bodies. But the point of such healing is to lead people to understand their need for spiritual healing. Paul and Luke would have made this perfectly clear to those on the island. This is the point of having such healing powers.

Today, those miracles are recorded in the Bible. There is no longer a need for such demonstrable proofs. The New Testament tells believers to trust in what the word says, having faith that the message about Jesus contained there is true.

Of all of the writings throughout the world, the Bible alone tells the complete message of how we got into the mess we are in, what God has been doing to get us out of it, and what He will do for those who accept that message.

It is written in such a way that it is self-validating and can be trusted. And so, why do we need miracles, signs, and wonders to choose or reject Jesus? We don’t! This doesn’t mean God cannot or will not heal people today, but such healing will come as He chooses, without the explicit necessity of miracles that were needed before the Bible was complete.

To expect such things actually demonstrates a lack of faith, not the other way around. As it says, for example, in Romans 10:17, “So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.”

We are expected to pick up the word, read it, test it to see if it is what it claims to be and then have faith in what it says. Don’t be captivated by those who claim to do miraculous things. They are a distraction from what God expects of His people. Evidence of this is that there are such supposed healers in other religions as well.

Is God working through them? No, He isn’t. Be careful what you believe and what you will accept. The word is reliable. Check it out and have faith in what it proclaims. Everything else is unnecessary eyewash.

Lord God, may we not be led down wayward paths by false teachers. Help us to be attentive to Your word, ready to test what we are exposed to, and to reject those things that have no basis in what You would intend for us in our walk before You. May Your Spirit rest upon us and guide us. Yes, Lord, may it be so. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:8

Stairway. Wyoming Capitol.

Saturday, 8 June 2024

And it happened that the father of Publius lay sick of a fever and dysentery. Paul went in to him and prayed, and he laid his hands on him and healed him. Acts 28:8

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The Greek, even if a tad clunky, more literally reads, “And it was, the father of Publius – afflicted with fevers and dysentery – who, lying toward Paul, having entered and having prayed, having laid the hands on him, healed him” (CG).

In the previous verse, Luke noted that there was a portion of land where the first of the island, Publius, lived. He invited Paul and others to stay with him for three days. Remembering that, it now says, “And it was.”

The Greek word egeneto is used to show the transition from one thing to another. In this, we can see that the divine hand is guiding the events of the matter. This transitional thought is then explained by Luke with the words, “the father of Publius – afflicted with fevers and dysentery.”

Publius has brought Paul, Luke, and whoever else was with them into his house. At some point, it was relayed to them that Publius’ father was sick. The word translated as “fever” is in the plural. This plural use of “fevers” is believed to indicate a recurrent fever.

As such, it was a malady that afflicted him regularly. Along with his fevers, he had a case of dysentery. It is a word found only here in the New Testament, dusenterion. Luke is giving a precise medical diagnosis of the situation.

Ellicott notes that the plural “fevers” in “combination with dysentery would, according to Hippocrates, who also uses the plural form (Aph. vi. 3), make the case more than usually critical.” In his situation, the verse uses multiple participles which makes the narrative quite exciting, “who, lying toward Paul, having entered and having prayed, having laid the hands on him, healed him.”

It is carefully noted that as soon as Paul entered, he prayed. At the same time, he laid hands on the sick man. All of this was done in a carefully recorded way to show an absolute connection between Paul’s actions and the man’s healing.

This is especially noted by Luke to show that Paul had subordinated himself to the Lord. It is likely that this was stated here to show the contrast to the initial claim of the locals, noted in the previous account just a couple of verses earlier, that he was called a god.

This verse parallels the account of Peter in Acts 9:32-35. For further insights concerning this, refer to James 5:14, 15. Also, notice the very close sequence of events in this account of Paul’s snake bite and then healing of this man in comparison to Mark 16:18.

In the previous verse, Publius was first noted in the Bible. Now, he is seen for the second and last time. This is actually noteworthy because, in just a couple of verses, it will say that the duration of their time on Malta is a full three months.

Life application: We are told here that Paul prayed, laid hands on the sick man, and he was healed. The next verse will speak about more healings. By incorrectly taking these verses in a prescriptive manner, many have assumed that we too have been given such powers without any limits at all.

They claim healing over others as if they have a right to demand things from the Lord, or as if they are divine conduits for the powers of healing to flow through them. This is completely contrary to what is actually the case. It is presumptuous and it is a sinful attitude.

Paul was unable to heal himself and several others as is clearly indicated in his epistles. And more, Scripture never indicates that we have been given the apostolic powers of healing.

Rather, we have been given the intelligence to produce medicines. Also, societies have developed institutions to educate people to be doctors and nurses. We have likewise been given the honor to pray for the healing of others. If it is in the Lord’s will to respond favorably, He will. But we should never claim such things as if we have the authority to tell the Spirit how and when to heal.

Use reason and intelligence when you pray for yourself and others. And, if you really want to be a part of the healing of others, go to school and learn how to do so. You can have a lifetime of positive effects on others, both physically and spiritually, if you are willing to put forth the effort.

Lord God, thank You for our doctors, nurses, and others who are in the business of healing others. And thank You that we can also come to You for healing when it is in Your will to respond. May we never accuse You in our hearts when others get sick and die, knowing that this is a fallen world. In Christ, however, we have an eternal hope of life and health ahead of us! Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:7

First responders flag – Wyoming Capitol.

Friday, 7 June 2024

In that region there was an estate of the leading citizen of the island, whose name was Publius, who received us and entertained us courteously for three days. Acts 28:7

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The Greek more literally reads, “And in the surrounding area [lit: in the around that region], were parcels of the first of the island by name Publius, who having received us three days, lodged us hospitably” (CG).

In the previous verse, Paul was seen to have not swollen up or keeled over from the snake bite. Because of this, the fickle islanders of Malta said he was a god. Now, Luke begins a new portion of the narrative, saying, “And in the surrounding area [lit: in the around that region].”

By God’s providence, they were shipwrecked in a particular place that would bring comfortable times to those who had been cast ashore. Despite the great trials and losses that were suffered by those who were shipwrecked, there would be a season of blessing to come upon them. This is first starting to be realized now because in that surrounding area, there “were parcels of the first of the island.”

The meaning of “first” is the principal man of the island. The adjective used to describe the person is protos. It means the first, or chief, and thus he is “the first man.” Ellicott notes –

“The term is found both in Greek and Latin inscriptions, at Malta, of the time of Augustus, as an official title.”

Score another point for Luke’s accuracy. He is the chief ruler or magistrate appointed to oversee the population. Luke then notes, “by name Publius.”

This man’s name is a Latin one, literally: Poplios. It is known that Malta was rendered under the province of Sicily and so he would have been over the island, but under the Sicilian proconsul.

What we see in him then is a person who has received his job through appointment and not through a family line. This is indicated even more poignantly by the fact (as will be seen) that his father is there. He would not be the chief man if the position was based on family. This man is said to have “received us three days.”

It is a new word in Scripture, anadechomai. It comes from ana, up or upwards, and dechomai, to receive or welcome. Thus, HELPS Word Studies says it signifies to “receive up to the limit” and thus “to welcome with gladness.”

They were whole-heartedly and enthusiastically received up by the chief man of the island. It is agreed that this did not mean the entire host from the ship, but rather a select few.

Despite being a prisoner, Paul was a Roman citizen and stood in high favor with Julius. Luke was a physician and, thus, a man of respect. It is probably these three and maybe a limited number of others who were brought in as guests for those three days until other arrangements could be made. . this time, Luke notes that he “lodged us hospitably”

The word translated as “hospitably,” philophronós, is an adverb found only here. It literally means, “acting from a mind-set of personal affection” HELPS Word Studies. In other words, this was not a formal thing that was required by custom, but an invitation because of truly having come to like them. It was probably brought on by the words of Julius to Publius about the exceptional character of Paul and Luke.

Life application: Luke writes in the first-person plural concerning this visit. Thus, he was there, and it is absolutely certain that Paul, as will be seen, was there as well. Because Paul was there, Julius would have been there also, being the lead soldier and personally responsible for Paul.

Nothing is said here, or anywhere else, about Julius being converted to the Christian faith. However, it is unlikely that he was not fully aware of every nuance of what it meant to be a Christian by the time his supervision of Paul was ended. He personally saw prophecies uttered and fulfilled. He will see miracles of healing in the verses ahead. If anyone ever knew it, certainly Julius did, since Paul would not have been silenced over his proclamation of the gospel, etc.

Because of this, either Julius was converted and that is purposefully left out of the narrative for whatever reason Luke deemed necessary, or the heart of Julius was soft towards Paul and hard toward the message Paul proclaimed.

The latter is not unusual. There are people who have remained friends for years, even friends of pastors and preachers, who find the faith of their good friend curious and maybe even a bit comical. And yet, they stay fast friends through it. And how many times has there been an effect on the stout unbeliever later in life?

We cannot know what effect we will have on others by giving the gospel and then simply sharing our lives together with those we know whether they readily accept our words at the start or wait decades to yield. We don’t need to beat our faith into others. We simply need to share it and then let our lives be a testimony to those we know.

Let us never tire of living out the gospel that we have received. When the ball drops in the life of others, and it always does, they will know who to turn to if they are willing to once again hear the good news in their time of need.

Lord God, may our faith be on display at all times for others to see and remember what we believe. But we need to first let them know what our faith entails. So, Lord, give us boldness to first share the message, and then to live it out from day to day from that point on. Help us in this, O God. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:6

Piece of support section of Twin Towers.

Thursday, 6 June 2024

However, they were expecting that he would swell up or suddenly fall down dead. But after they had looked for a long time and saw no harm come to him, they changed their minds and said that he was a god. Acts 28:6

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen)

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

More literally, it reads, “And they expected him about to be inflamed or to fall down dead suddenly. And they, upon much anticipating, and seeing nothing unusual happening to him, having turned about, they declared him to be a god” (CG).

Paul was just bitten by a viper, which he shook off into the fire and suffered no harm. Now, Luke continues with, “And they expected him about to be inflamed.”

It is a unique word in Scripture, pimpremi. It is the usual medical word for inflammation in ancient Greek. It literally signified “to fire,” and thus a burning inflammation which includes swelling. They were sure Paul was a goner, so they watched, expecting him to be inflamed “or to fall down dead suddenly.”

This is the third and last use of katapiptó, to fall down, in the New Testament. All three uses come from Luke’s writings. Those on the island were aware of this particular viper and knew its effects. Hence, they fully expected Paul to keel over and die.

Luke uses the word aphnó, suddenly, to describe their expectation. This is the third and last time it is used. It referred to the sudden coming of the Spirit in Acts 2:2 which was accompanied by sound and wind. It also referred to a sudden earthquake in Acts 16:26 when Paul and Silas were in prison and their chains were loosed.

The islanders were expecting something just as sudden with Paul, however, Luke next records, “And they, upon much anticipating.”

The word translated as “anticipating” was a word known in Greek medical writings. It signifies to watch in expectation where mental direction is employed. The people were keeping an eye on Paul, fully expecting him to have one of these symptoms. But Luke continues the thought with, “and seeing nothing unusual happening to him.”

Here, the words translated as “nothing unusual” were also used by physicians to indicate unusual symptoms of a disease, including something fatal or deadly. The use of these medical terms gives a good indication of the authenticity of Luke’s authorship.

He was a carefully observant man who was able to see the same traits in others as they watched for such symptoms as well. Because nothing untoward came upon Paul, Luke next records of the people, “having turned about, they declared him to be a god.”

These words include another word unique in Scripture, metaballó. As a paraphrase, it signifies to change one’s mind, but a literal translation is “to turn round” or “to turn about.” Just as a person will turn around to face another direction, so a person turns about in his mind when he changes his mind.

Instead of thinking of Paul as a murderer, they suddenly realized that he was instead rather extraordinary. Taking things a bit too far, however, they ascribed deity to him. It could be that they may have been thinking of the Greek deities like Apollo or Aesculapius who are depicted as subduing serpents.

Their minds surely raced, looking for a suitable conclusion. How could any mortal be bitten by a poisonous serpent and show no signs of it harming him?

Life application: This verse shows the fickle nature of the people which is found in all people everywhere. It is highlighted in Acts 14 as well but in the opposite sense. There, it said –

“Now when the people saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices, saying in the Lycaonian language, ‘The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men!’ 12 And Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul, Hermes, because he was the chief speaker. 13 Then the priest of Zeus, whose temple was in front of their city, brought oxen and garlands to the gates, intending to sacrifice with the multitudes.
But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard this, they tore their clothes and ran in among the multitude, crying out 15 and saying, ‘Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men with the same nature as you, and preach to you that you should turn from these useless things to the living God, who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all things that are in them, 16 who in bygone generations allowed all nations to walk in their own ways. 17 Nevertheless He did not leave Himself without witness, in that He did good, gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness.’ 18 And with these sayings they could scarcely restrain the multitudes from sacrificing to them.
19 Then Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there; and having persuaded the multitudes, they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing him to be dead.” Acts 14:11-19

In the eyes of those at Lystra, he went from being a god to being a dead man. On Malta, he went from being a dead man to being a god. In the case of their suddenly exclaiming Paul a god, their superstitions cannot be considered uncommon even in today’s world. We simply package them up differently.

It is human nature to want to deify things we don’t understand. But as Christians, we need to remember that there is one God. All else is a part of creation. We are never to ascribe deity to any created thing, we are to refrain from idolatry, and we are to promote God to His rightful position in our words to others.

In doing these things, we will be acting properly in the presence of our Creator.

Lord God Almighty, You alone are worthy of all glory, honor, and praise. You are magnificent in Your being and You are caring for Your creatures. May we respond to You accordingly, giving You alone our heartfelt worship and adoration. Yes, glory to You, O God, in the highest! Amen.