Acts 28:13

Fancy lights. Wyoming Capitol.

Thursday, 13 June 2024

From there we circled round and reached Rhegium. And after one day the south wind blew; and the next day we came to Puteoli, Acts 28:13

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

A more literal translation is, “From where, having gone around, we arrived at Rhegium. And after one day, having come upon an Auster, the second day we came to Puteoli” (CG).

Luke just noted that they had landed at Syracuse and stayed three days. Now, the journey to Rome continues with, “From where, having gone around.”

The words “from where” refer to Syracuse which is on the southeast corner of Sicily. Leaving that port, they had to make a bit of a sweeping motion. Of the words, “having gone around,” the KJV says, “And from thence we fetched a compass.” The Berean Study Bible says, “From there we weighed anchor.”

It is generally accepted that the Greek term is speaking of making a circuitous route around Sicily. As Syracuse is on the southeast corner of the island, and they need to head northward to the Italian peninsula, they set sail and worked off the coast of Sicily to reach their destination.

It was probably a west or a northwest wind at this time and this caused them to head out to sea in order to catch the winds while traveling north. Thus, one gets the idea of circling around, or going around, instead of traveling straight to their destination. From there, it next says, “we arrived at Rhegium.”

Rhegium, now known as Reggio, is on the southwest extremity of the toe of Italy. According to Wikipedia, Reggio “commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Regional Council of Calabria. It has an estimated population between 150,000 and 200,000 and is the twenty-first most populous city in Italy, after Modena and other Italian cities, and the 100th most populated city in Europe. Reggio Calabria is located near the center of the Mediterranean and is known for its climate, ethnic and cultural diversity. It is the third economic centre of mainland Southern Italy. About 560,000 people live in the metropolitan area, recognised in 2015 by Italy as a metropolitan city.”

The city is right at the southern opening of the Straits of Messina. These straits pass between Sicily and Italy. They connect the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south. At its narrowest point, it measures 1.9 miles in width. However, near the town of Messina the width is some 3.2 miles. It has a maximum depth of 830 feet.

Certainly because of the narrowness of the straits and the contrary wind, they stopped at Rhegium. However, Luke next records, “And after one day, having come upon an Auster.”

The words “having come upon” are from a word found only here in Scripture, epiginomai. It is derived from two words signifying “upon” and “to come about.” The word translated as Auster is the same word as in Acts 27:13, notos. It signifies the South and thus a south wind. A single English word which corresponds to this is Auster, a south wind. Once this favorable wind came upon them, it next says, “the second day we came to Puteoli.”

Here is another word unique to Scripture, deuteraios. It is derived from deuteros, second, and signifies the second day. With the favorable wind that came from the south, it allowed them to pass through the straits. Once through the straits, they were able to sail all the way to Puteoli.

This is the modern city known as Pozzuoli. It is located very near Naples and was once a port city. Today, however, it is too shallow for large ships to arrive at. Its name means “The wells.” Being known for its warm baths, it is supposed that is how it got its name. Some relevant information from the era that these men arrived there is found in Wikipedia –

“Puteoli became the great emporium for the Alexandrian grain ships and other ships from all over the Roman world. It also was the main hub for goods exported from Campania, including blown glass, mosaics, wrought iron, and marble. Lucilius wrote in about 125 BC that it was second only to Delos in importance, then the greatest harbour of the ancient world. Many inscriptions show that a polyglot population established companies (stationes) for trade and transport and formed professional guilds for arts, crafts and religious associations for foreign cults; they included Greeks from the islands and the coast of Asia, Jews and later Christians. Under the Roman Empire, it was the greatest emporium of foreign trade in all of Italy. Trade with Tyre was so important that the Tyrians established a factory there in 174.”

Life application: In one verse, travel has gone from Syracuse to Rhegium to Puteoli. The population of these three cities totals about four hundred thousand people. Think of how many of them may have never heard of Jesus. Now imagine that you encounter people just like them throughout the week or even every day. They may never have heard of Jesus. Who is going to tell them? If not you, then who?

If you are saved, hooray for Jesus in your life. But be sure to now tell others about what He has done for you, and indeed for all the people of the world. Without hearing about Him, people cannot be saved. Hopefully, you will be affected enough about their plight to at least try to share what you know.

Lord God, help us to be responsible in sharing our faith in Jesus. We have family, friends, and acquaintances that need to hear the good news. We go to restaurants and are served by people that may have never been told the simple message of Your goodness to us in sending Jesus. Help us, O God, to faithfully proclaim what we know. Amen.

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:12

Skylights, Wyoming Capitol.

Wednesday, 12 June 2024

And landing at Syracuse, we stayed three days. Acts 28:12

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The verb is an aorist participle, “And having brought down at Syracuse, we stayed three days” (CG).

In the previous verse, Paul and those with him departed Malta after having been there for three months. Luke continues this next leg of the journey, beginning with, “And having brought down.”

Departing on a ship is to go up to the high seas. When arriving at a new destination, one comes down again. The ship was brought down from the sea “at Syracuse.”

Syracuse, or Surakousai in Greek, is a city noted only here in the Bible. It is a city which was made famous during the Peloponnesian war. It was, and still is, a flourishing town of Sicily. It is 92 miles as the crow flies from Malta, but a bit more by boat because it is on the southeast corner of the coast of Sicily.

It can be reached in a bit over a day by boat. Ships bound from Alexandria on their way to Italy frequently put in there. It was one of the major ports of the Mediterranean world at this time. They probably stopped there to sell and offload wares and then pick up any other things or travelers for their continued voyage. Today Syracuse has a population of about 125,000.

Once the ship arrived there, Luke next notes that “we stayed three days.” The ship they were on had been at Malta over the winter. If the men were on the same ship when leaving Syracuse, it may be that it took three days to offload cargo and load on other things.

Or it may be that they switched ships to continue their journey to Rome and the first one departing took three days to get a booking on. Luke does not explain the matter either way but simply gives the duration of time they were in Syracuse. After three months on Malta, three days at this location would have flown by.

Life application: Speaking of flying by, the NKJV says the ship was “landing at Syracuse.” Not only is the tense of the verb wrong, but that can have more than one meaning. Landing at Syracuse may mean on the other side of the Atlantic!

Hancock International Airport is jointly owned by the military and the city. It is about five miles northeast of downtown Syracuse, in Onondaga County, New York.

The airport is off Interstate 81 near Mattydale, New York. Wikipedia says that “[i]n 1927 Syracuse mayor Charles Hanna felt his city needed an airport. A location at Amboy in the town of Camillus, New York was purchased for $50,000, and by 1928, the ‘Syracuse City Airport at Amboy’ was handling airmail.”

At the end of World War II, the United States Army Air Corps leased their bomber base near Mattydale, New York to the city. On September 17, 1949, the Clarence E. Hancock Airport opened to the public using a renovated machine shop as a terminal, and replaced the airport at Amboy. To learn more about this airport at Syracuse, refer to their website on the internet.

This might sound like a pointless diversion concerning another location named Syracuse, but it is given to highlight the fact that there are innumerable locations in the United States that are named based on other locations, many are right out of the Bible.

The movement of people from one location to another, where there had not yet been a name given for the place necessitated those new locations be given names. Some are obvious, such as New York being named based on the movement of people from York in the UK. Others are obvious because of the connection to famous biblical sights, such as cities named Bethlehem in New York and Pennsylvania, and Canaan in Connecticut.

However, many other areas also have biblical names that may not be as famous. In Connecticut, there is Sharon, Gilead, Hebron, Mount Carmel, and so forth. This trend continues in many states throughout the US. A rich biblical heritage permeates the nation’s founding. However, those traditions are quickly fading away. The prosperity of the people, and the movement to a non-biblical worldview, have erased much of the Christian heritage of the land.

If you are familiar with biblical names of people and places, you can use that familiarity to start conversations with people and form a connection between the name and its source. From there, you can then bring in the overall message of the Bible, that it is the story of God’s plan of redemption of man from the power of sin and the devil to one focused on Jesus.

When they see a connection between their name or the name of their city with the Bible, they may want to know more. Be ready at all times to think of innovative ways to get people interested in knowing more about the word! It is the message that can change the eternal destiny of people from a not-so-happy ending to an eternity of delight.

Lord God, help us to always be ready to share the good news of Jesus Christ with others. May our words bring them to want to know more and to become interested in reading Your word. People need Jesus and the Bible tells us about Him. So, Lord, help us in this! Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:11

House or Senate. Wyoming Capitol.

Tuesday, 11 June 2024

After three months we sailed in an Alexandrian ship whose figurehead was the Twin Brothers, which had wintered at the island. Acts 28:11

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The words are more literally translated, “And after three months, we went up in a ship having been wintered in the island, Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri” (CG).

In the previous verse, Luke noted that the islanders honored Paul and him in many ways, noting that when they departed, they were provided things that were necessary. Now, Luke speaks of the actual departure, saying, “And after three months.”

This means that it was likely about early to mid-February. Some speculate it was as early as the month of January, others date it as late as March. The point is that they waited through the dangerous winter months while sailing was too hazardous.

The ship remained over the winter on the island until the time when it was safe to once again engage in commerce on the high seas. With the winter ending, the sailing would again be favorable. Therefore, Luke next notes, “we went up in a ship having been wintered in the island.”

Being a perfect participle, it means that the ship was wintered there, and it continued to winter there until the time that it could again go up to the high seas. This ship was heading in the right direction for the continued travel to Rome, and so it was employed for the next leg of the journey. Of this ship, Luke notes it was “Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri.”

These words continue to show that Melita is, in fact, Malta. Malta would fall on the course from Alexandria to Italy, and so the identification of the ship as Alexandrian gives a good indication of the fact that the island was most likely Malta.

The word translated as figure-headed is parasémos. It comes from para, beside or by the side of, and séma, a sign or mark. Thus, a most literal translation would be “side-marked.” However, the intent is that of a figurehead.

Some ancient ships were side-marked with paintings, such as large eyes or other symbols like fighter jets display today. Others had carved images on them. Being the Dioscuri, it would seem likely these were carvings which then may have been highlighted with paint.

The word used to describe them is Dioskouroi, a word found only here in Scripture. It is derived from Dios which refers to Zeus, and the plural of kouros, boy. Thus, it means the two sons of Zeus and Leda, Castor and Pollux. They were the patrons of sailors.

Due to the nature of the word, the translation can be literal, Dioscuri, or any suitable translation that conveys the message, such as “twin gods,” “twin brothers,” “Castor and Pollux,” “the Castors,” “the sign of the Twins,” “the Heavenly Twins,” etc.

Each gives an acceptable description intended to convey what Luke meant with the single word Dioskouroi. Of these guardian deities of sailors, Ellicott notes –

“In Greek mythology, Zeus had rewarded their brotherly devotion by placing them among the stars as the Gemini, which were connected with the month of May in the signs of the Zodiac, and Poseidon (= Neptune) had given them power over the winds and waves that they might assist the shipwrecked. So in the Helena of Euripides they appear, in 1550–60, as promising a fair wind and a safe voyage. The figure-heads of the Greek and Roman ships were commonly placed both at the prow and the stern.”

What is unusual is that Luke has never noted the figurehead on any ship that they had sailed on in his previous accounts. And the number of ships would not have been small. For example, he notes that sometimes they changed ships while in a harbor, taking another to get to their intended destination. This would have been quite common, changing ships from one harbor to the next.

Despite this, the account now – when leaving Malta – is the only time a figurehead is described. Of this, Benson says, “And yet, in a ship having such an idolatrous image, Paul did not refuse to sail, considering it as being only the name of the ship.”

Paul was a prisoner being conducted to Rome, he had no choice in what ship he traveled, and it is certain that the majority, if not all, of the ships they had traveled on had figureheads. Therefore, it is irrelevant that it was an idolatrous image.

What seems likely is that Luke included this to show a contrast to what had occurred upon their arrival. As that ship certainly had a figurehead, and maybe even the same one as the ship they were now departing on (being the patron of sailors), such figureheads were irrelevant in providing protection to a ship.

The Lord had been with Paul, He had assured the safety of every person on the ship, He had followed through with that, and He had demonstrated His hand upon Paul when the viper bit him. He also continued to be with Paul as he laid hands upon the sick and healed them. And more, this journey to Rome is the fulfillment of the words of the Lord that Paul would bear witness at Rome (Acts 23:11).

Luke has, therefore, set a contrast to the effective workings of the Lord and the ineffective protection of false idols made by man’s hands.

Life application: Despite Benson’s comments not fitting the narrative, his words are correct that the images on the ship were idolatrous. People were putting their trust in something that is a part of creation rather than in the Creator.

The Bible mentions several constellations, acknowledging that they are as real as the planets. If God uses the constellations to tell a story, that is not the same thing as God allowing those things to be objects of worship or luck.

In Judges 9, Jotham uses the trees as an allegory. The Lord does this elsewhere as well. However, this doesn’t mean that the trees have any power in and of themselves. They are simply used to convey a story or prophecy. We must be careful to distinguish between such things.

Also, it would be ludicrous to refuse to travel on a ship or airplane that has figureheads on it. Paul addresses such notions when dealing with foods sacrificed to idols in 1 Corinthians. Those things are nothing. As long as we remember that and have our hearts and minds directed to the Lord, we don’t need to worry about what the world is doing.

Our hope is not in a carving, a painting, or a constellation. Rather, our hope is in the One who created all things and who has revealed Himself in Scripture and in the Person of Jesus Christ our Lord.

Heavenly Father, we know that an idol is nothing at all. It cannot help and it cannot harm. When our eyes look to the stars and constellations, we see Your hand of creation, not deities that can help us with our problems or direct our futures. May we always remember these things and focus our hearts and attention on You alone. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 28:10

House or Senate chamber. Wyoming Capitol.

Monday, 10 June 2024

They also honored us in many ways; and when we departed, they provided such things as were necessary. Acts 28:10

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, scrolling with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The words are much sparser in the Greek, and much must be inferred, “And who honored us many honors, and going up they laid upon for the necessity.” (CG).

The previous verse noted that the others on the island, having heard Paul healed Publius’ father, came to him with their diseases and were healed. Because of this, it next says, “And who honored us many honors.”

In other words, because Paul was able to heal them, and because he spent his time doing so, the kindness of Paul and Luke was rewarded by the people. The word translated as honor indicates a price. Vincent’s Word Studies says –

“The word was applied to payments for professional services, and that fact may have influenced Luke in selecting it; but it is evidently not used in that sense here.”

Whether it was payment or gifts, honors of some tangible nature were bestowed upon them for their efforts. However, other scholars disagree. Some of them show concern that accepting compensation for their work would be a violation of Matthew 10 –

“These twelve Jesus sent out and commanded them, saying: ‘Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter a city of the Samaritans. But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. And as you go, preach, saying, ‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. Provide neither gold nor silver nor copper in your money belts, 10 nor bag for your journey, nor two tunics, nor sandals, nor staffs; for a worker is worthy of his food.’” Matthew 10:5-10

There is absolutely no reason to accept that. Those words of Jesus were to the disciples, in Israel, under the time of the law, and for a specific purpose. If those words applied to the situation now, everything that Paul and Luke had done would be a violation of Jesus’ words because He said, “Do not go in the way of the Gentiles.” But this is the main focus of Paul’s ministry.

Such an evaluation is not a proper handling of Scripture. And more, Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 9:3-12 concerning the rights of accepting payment for such work. He also notes it to Timothy in 1 Timothy 5:18 concerning receiving compensation.

It is stated explicitly and implicitly elsewhere as well. If those on the island felt that they should pay for the help they had received, and they freely offered it to those who had lost everything, then there is no reason to assume that Paul and Luke should not receive it – whether merely as a gift or as a sort of payment. Understanding this, it next says, “and going up they laid upon for the necessity.”

As noted above, the words are sparse. The meaning is that upon sailing (because to sail from land is considered going up), the same people from the island heaped everything necessary for the travel upon Paul and Luke.

This means that two separate things occurred. They were first rewarded for their efforts of healing the people, and then they were assisted in their continued traveling to Rome. Of this verse, the Geneva Bible says, “God does well to strangers for his children’s sake.”

Life application: When reading the Bible, the context of what is being said must be maintained. For example, we cannot force the words of Jesus in the synoptic gospels into what is going on in the book of Acts and the epistles. Jesus was speaking to Israel, under the law, about matters of the law and of the kingdom to come.

Care must be taken to ensure that if something is cited from the gospels, that it actually applies to whatever point is being made. To not do so can form a logical contradiction in one’s theology. For example, Jesus said –

“But take heed to yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and cares of this life, and that Day come on you unexpectedly. 35 For it will come as a snare on all those who dwell on the face of the whole earth. 36 Watch therefore, and pray always that you may be counted worthy to escape all these things that will come to pass, and to stand before the Son of Man.” Luke 21:34-36

People in the church will often cite these words, applying them to the life of believers today. Jesus’ words in this passage are not intended for those of the church. He is speaking to the people of Israel who were under the law and in anticipation of the tribulation period which comes after the church age.

Those in the church during this dispensation do not need to pray that they will be counted worthy to escape those things. They will be taken out at the rapture before those days transpire. We also do not need to pray that we will be worthy to stand before the Son of Man. Rather –

“…giving thanks to the Father who has qualified us to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in the light. 13 He has delivered us from the power of darkness and conveyed us into the kingdom of the Son of His love, 14 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins.” Colossians 1:12-14

Mixing matters between dispensations will always result in poor theology. Normally, it will result in a complete contradiction in what is said in Scripture. We are qualified to be partakers. We have been delivered! Read and apply the words of the Bible in their intended context and your doctrine will be sound.

Almighty God, help us to rightly divide Your word. May our evaluation of it be based on what You are doing in history according to the dispensation in which events are being referred. In this, our understanding of what is being said will be proper. Help us always to remember the proper context as we seek out what is being conveyed. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Judges 12:8-15 (Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel)

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson.

Judges 12:8-15
(Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel)

(Typed 18 March 2024) In previous Judges sermons, we have seen pictures of what is coming upon Israel, and indeed the whole world, in the tribulation period. That was especially on display in the story of Gideon.

However, the narrative went back in time and gave us a look into the work of the antichrist during the tribulation period through the story of Abimelech.

Tola and Jair then gave insights into the coming millennium. But the ongoing narrative again backed up in the next passage to provide further detail into the time of Israel without Christ. This was a necessary step to lead to an understanding of who is and who is not right with God.

Clarity is needed to understand who of Israel would enter the millennium. In other words, there are believers before the time of Jesus who will enter, such as Daniel. They were saved under the time of the law, but not everyone under the time of the law was saved.

Likewise, the people after the coming of Christ who hold to the law could say, “We are doing what they were doing and we will be saved.” But that is incorrect. This was clearly revealed in the sermons about Jephthah.

Each account has been given to provide insights into redemptive history and to have those who look into these things solidify their theology concerning proper doctrine during various dispensations.

With Jephthah complete, a picture similar to that of Tola and Jair appears again in today’s verses.

Text Verse: “Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, ‘Who are these arrayed in white robes, and where did they come from?’
14 And I said to him, ‘Sir, you know.’
So he said to me, “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15 Therefore they are before the throne of God, and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them.” Revelation 17:13-15

Israel today is A People who are not God’s people, except in regard to His future reacceptance of them. That was clearly and unambiguously seen in the sermons on Jephthah.

So the question is, what is it that makes any people the people of God? The answer is faith. But more than that, it is properly directed faith. Those who were under the law before Jesus’ coming were saved by faith in God’s provision at that time.

Since Christ’s coming, man is saved by faith in God’s provision of Jesus Christ. One cannot back up to the law and say, “I am going to be saved by God’s provision of the Law of Moses.” No! It didn’t save at that time, except as it anticipated Christ, and it cannot save at all now – in any way, shape, or form because Christ has come and fulfilled it. The time of the law is done.

Jephthah cleared that up. Now, we come to the results of that typology in the naming of three Judges of Israel. The passage is filled with wonderful hints of what God has ahead in history. Please enjoy the pictures to come. They are a magnificent part of God’s superior word. And so, let us turn to that precious word once again, and… May God speak to us through His word today, and may His glorious name ever be praised.

I. They Judged Israel (verses 8-15)

The narrative now turns to three judges whose combined time of judging Israel comprises a mere eight verses. They are not mentioned elsewhere in Scripture, so this is all that we have to go on.

Unlike Jephthah, all three of these judges are located west of the Jordan. Each of them is said to be “after him,” so there is a chronological aspect to them. However, it does not logically follow that they judged in order with the other events and judges later noted, such as Samson. They simply judged after Jephthah and after one another.

That they come after Jephthah chronologically is seen in the opening words of our passage today…

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael ivtsan mi’beithlakhem – “And judges, after him, Israel, Ibzan from Bethlehem.” This judge, Ibzan, judges after the time of Jephthah. The location of his judgeship is said to be Bethlehem, but it is not necessarily Bethlehem in Judah.

In Judges, Bethlehem is noted nine times. Seven of those times, it specifically notes Bethlehem Judah to define which Bethlehem. This is also true of the opening words of Ruth which occurred during the time of the judges. Only after it was specifically defined twice as Bethlehem Judah is the word Judah omitted.

Josephus says that it is Bethlehem Judah, but his writings are not always reliable. They need to be considered as mere possibilities, not as adamant proofs. Also, due to the closeness of spelling between Ibzan and Boaz, some Jewish commentaries state it is the same person. However, the Hebrew spelling is not that close. The names are derived from different roots.

Taking this to a ludicrous extreme, however, Cambridge says, “His city was probably not the Beth-lehem in Judah, because the Bk of Judges is not concerned with Judah.” Judah is mentioned over twenty times in Judges. Samson’s judgeship, which is the next major section coming in the book of Judges, has dealings with Judah.

There isn’t definitive proof either way, but the lack of noting Judah after Bethlehem may indicate another Bethlehem, probably that noted in Joshua 19, is being referred to. That Bethlehem was within the borders of Zebulun which lies to the north of Judah and west of the Jordan and the Sea of Galilee in Canaan.

Having said all that, a couple of points should be considered. The first is that arbitrarily trusting commentaries without verifying what they say is not a sound approach to learning what is being conveyed in Scripture.

The second is that whether this is in Judah or Zebulun, it is irrelevant to what is needed to understand the typology being conveyed. In fact, we can deduce that by stating the tribe it would mar whatever typology needs to be drawn from the passage.

Of the name Ibzan has several possibilities: Their Whiteness, literally, Their Tin as White (Jackson’s dictionary); Great Fatigue (Jones’); Splendid (Young’s); or, using the same root as Young’s, ebets (to gleam or conspicuous), it could mean Gleam, Illustrious, Conspicuous, etc.

Bethlehem means House of Bread (lekhem), but without the vowel pointing it is identical to the verb meaning war (lakham). Thus, it has a secondary meaning of House of War (Battle). The connection between the two is that in battle, it is as if those being killed are consumed like food. Of him, it next says…

He had thirty sons.

v’hi lo sh’loshim banim – “And is, to him, thirty sons.” He is noted just after Jephthah who had no surviving children, at least as recorded in the narrative. A son in Scripture can have a multitude of significations, but the main sense of being a son is that of identity of character or nature.

Of the number of sons, Bullinger says –

“THIRTY being 3 x 10, denotes in a higher degree the perfection of Divine order, as marking the right moment. CHRIST was thirty years of age at the commencement of His ministry, Luke 3:23. JOSEPH, His type, was the same age, Genesis 41:46. DAVID also, when he began to reign, 2 Samuel 5:4.” E.W. Bullinger

In their lives, both Joseph and David were types of Christ. Along with Ibzan’s thirty sons, it next says…

9 (con’t) And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage, and brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons.

u-sh’loshim banoth shilakh ha’khutsah u-sh’loshim banoth hevi l’banav min ha’khuts – “and thirty daughters sends the outside-ward. And thirty daughters came to his sons from the outside.” The idea of daughters in Scripture carries a similar connotation to that of sons for people and things that are feminine. It conveys the idea of identity of character or nature.

Here, the contrast between Jephthah and Ibzan is strikingly set forth for us to see. Jephthah’s only child, his daughter, was sacrificed as an offering to the Lord for the victory realized in battle. She remained unmarried. On the other hand, Ibzan has thirty daughters he gave away in marriage and he gained thirty daughters-in-law through marriage to his sons.

Of this, Ellicott says, “Implying polygamy, wealth, and state.” Actually, none of these is implied. He may have outlived or divorced many wives. He may have been rich or poor. And he may have lived in the most modest of conditions.

Ellicott then states, “The only reason for recording the marriage of his sons and daughters is to show that he was a great man, and sought additional influence by intermarriages with other families.” But we have already shown another reason, which is that his life is set in complete contrast to his predecessor.

In other words, we must be careful to not insert what the text is silent on, and we must not assume we know everything that is being conveyed. Any speculation should always be noted as such. Specific words are provided by the Lord, but as simple as they are, they may carry more intent than we realize. Of Ibzan, it next says…

9 (con’t) He judged Israel seven years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael sheva shanim – “And judges, Israel, seven years.” Seven is the number of spiritual perfection. Bullinger continues to define it, saying –

“In the Hebrew, seven is shevah. It is from the root savah, to be full or satisfied, have enough of. Hence the meaning of the word ‘seven’ is dominated by this root, for on the seventh day God rested from the work of Creation. It was full and complete, and good and perfect. Nothing could be added to it or taken from it without marring it. Hence the Shavath, to cease, desist, rest, and Shabbath, Sabbath, or day of rest. … It tells of that eternal Sabbath-keeping which remains for the people of God in all its everlasting perfection. In the creative works of God, seven completes the colours of the spectrum and rainbow, and satisfies in music the notes of the scale. In each of these the eighth is only a repetition of the first. Another meaning of the root [Shava] is to swear, or make an oath. It is clear from its first occurrence in Genesis 21:31, ‘They sware both of them,’ that this oath was based upon the ‘seven ewe lambs’ (vv 28,29,30), which point to the idea of satisfaction or fulness in an oath. It was the security, satisfaction, and fulness of the obligation, or completeness of the bond, which caused the same word to be used for both the number seven and an oath; and hence it is written, ‘an oath for confirmation is an end of all strife.’”

10 Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem.

vayamath ivtsan vayiqaver b’veithlakhem – “And dies, Ibzan, and buried in Bethlehem.” The time he was a judge was seven years. But his age at death is left unstated. He could have become judge at ninety and died at ninety-seven. The details of his life, though sparse, are carefully recorded.

11 After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael elon hazvuloni – “And judges, after him, Israel, Elon the Zebulunite.” The words “after him” can mean immediately after him or at some point after him. It also does not negate someone else judging at the same time. Elon is a judge of Israel after the time of Ibzan. The name Elon comes from elon, a terebinth or oak. Jones’ dictionary defines it as Magnificent Oak.

However, elon is derived from ayil, a ram. That in turn comes from ul, to be strong. Thus, Young’s defines it as either Oak or Strong.

Zebulun means Glorious Dwelling Place.

Even less is said of him than of his predecessor…

11 (con’t) He judged Israel ten years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael esher shanim – “And judges, Israel, ten years.” These five words sum up his time as judge. Ten, according to Bullinger signifies –

“Completeness of order, marking the entire round of anything, is, therefore, the ever-present signification of the number ten. It implies that nothing is wanting; that the number and order are perfect; that the whole cycle is complete.”

12 And Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun.

vayamath elon hazvuloni vayiqaver b’ayalon b’erets zevulun – “And dies, Elon the Zebulonite. And buried in Aijalon in land Zebulun.” There appears to be a play on words here based on the Hebrew spelling of the name and his burial location –

אלון
אילון

Other than the additional letter yod, the spelling is identical. And there is a reason for them being so similar. Aijalon comes from ayyal, a deer. Hence, it signifies Place of the Deer. However, that also comes from the same root as elon, which is ul, or strength. Hence, Place of Strength is not out of line.

Noting that Aijalon is in the country of Zebulun is to distinguish it from another location with the same name recorded in the territory of Dan.

To close out the chapter, one more judge is introduced…

13 After him, Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel.

vayishpot akharav eth Yisrael avdon ben hilel hapirathoni – “And judges, after him, Yisrael, Abdon son Hillel the Pirathonite.” Again, the words “after him” can mean immediately after him, or at some point after him. It also does not negate someone else judging at the same time. Abdon is a judge of Israel after the time of Elon.

The name Abdon comes from abad, to work or serve. It is variously defined as Servile, Hard Slavery, etc. However, the on (vavnun couple) at the end of the name is often used as a locative or personified structure. Therefore, it can mean Place of Work or Working One.

Hillel comes from halal, generally translated as praise. It is also variously translated as glory, boast, etc. It means Praise (of God), Praised Greatly, Praise, He has Praised, etc.

Pirathon is variously defined as Just Revenge, Peak, Top, or Height. However, Abarim says –

“Here at Abarim Publications we surmise that the town and both the judge and the mighty-man were named after a method of social formation that also sits at the heart of the gospel of Jesus Christ, and which would make Israel a “kingdom of kings” (Daniel 2:44, 1 TIMOTHY 6:14-15, REVELATION 5:10, 17:14), namely by the joining of autonomous people without compromising anybody’s freedom and autonomy and in fact adding to it (GALATIANS 5:1). Our name means [Town] Of The Confederation, and since the early Scriptures respect Egypt as ancestral (rather than reject it as some mere fruitless oppressor), our name even means Place Of The Little Pharaohs.”

Of Abdon, it next says…

14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons,

v’hi lo arbaim banim u-shloshim b’ne banim – “And is, to him, forty sons and thirty sons’ sons.” The number forty is defined by Bullinger, saying –

“It is the product of 5 and 8, and points to the action of grace (5), leading to and ending in revival and renewal (8). This is certainly the case where forty relates to a period of evident probation. But where it relates to enlarged dominion, or to renewed or extended rule, then it does so in virtue of its factors 4 and 10, and in harmony with their signification.”

As this is speaking of an enlarged dominion and extended rule, it should rather be defined by four, the number of material creation, and ten, the number of completeness of order. It would thus refer to completeness of order in the material creation.

Thirty was previously defined.

Of these progenies, it next says…

14 (con’t) who rode on seventy young donkeys.

rokhvim al shivim ayarim – “riding upon seventy donkey-colts.” This is not unlike Jair in Judges 10 who was said to have thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys.

The word translated as donkey is ayir. It is a colt, a young donkey. The word comes from ur, to rouse oneself or awaken. The connection is that of raising (bearing) a burden. This type of donkey pictures ruling status. This is seen in Zechariah –

“Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion!
Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem!
Behold, your King is coming to you;
He is just and having salvation,
Lowly and riding on a donkey,
A colt [ayir], the foal of a donkey.” Zechariah 9:9

As with Jair, this is equivalent to saying, “seventy who ruled.”

The number seventy, as defined by Bullinger, “signifies perfect spiritual order carried out with all spiritual power and significance. Both spirit and order are greatly emphasised.”

Concerning Abdon, it says…

14 (con’t) He judged Israel eight years.

vayishpot eth Yisrael sh’moneh shanim – “And judged, Israel, eight years.” Of this number, Bullinger says, “It is 7 plus 1. Hence it is the number specially associated with Resurrection and Regeneration, and the beginning of a new era or order.” With this short description complete it next says…

*15 (fin) Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mountains of the Amalekites.

vayamath avdon ben hilel hapirathoni vayiqaver b’pirathon b’erets ephrayim b’har amaleqi – “And dies, Abdon, son Hillel the Pirathonite. And buried in Pirathon, in land Ephraim, in mount the Amalekite.” The chapter ends with these words.

The name Ephraim means Twice Fruitful and Ashes.

Amalek is derived from am, people, and malaq, to nip or wring off the head of a bird with or without severing it from the body. Thus, they are The People Who Wring Off. They are those who are disconnected from the body and strive to disconnect the body.

As has been seen many times, a mountain is a lot of something gathered. It is synonymous with a large but centralized group of people. There has not been a lot of surface information in these accounts. However, because typology is being conveyed, a lot can be gleaned from them.

Ibzan came after Jephthah to show us some stuff
Then came Elon to show us some more
But these two weren’t quite enough
And so came Abdon, to show us the score

Three judges over Israel
Three men who anticipate the coming Christ
What a marvelous thing that their lives tell
Showing us how pleasing God is priced

It doesn’t come by works of the law
It isn’t found in arrogant pride
Remember the things you heard and saw
Come to Jesus and stand on His side

Jesus! Jesus! Jesus! In Him the victory
All hail our Lord Jesus there before the glassy sea

II. Pictures of Christ

The account of these three judges comes after that of Jephthah. This tells us that any typology is to be taken sequentially after what was said in the narrative of Jephthah, regardless as to whether the times of these judges is chronologically sequential or not.

Jephthah’s battle was against Ammon, A People. That battle anticipates the people of Israel who reject Christ during this dispensation. They have no inheritance among the redeemed of the Lord.

That included the narrative of Jephthah’s daughter being sacrificed which indicated the price God was willing to pay to secure true believers in Christ during this dispensation. Those who believe will be saved while those who do not will be eternally separated from God.

The first seven verses of this chapter showed that anyone of this dispensation who relies on the law for salvation, assuming he can be saved through it, will also be eternally separated from God. The law cannot save. It only brings condemnation. Only Jesus can save.

The first judge introduced after Jephthah is Ibzan of Bethlehem. He anticipates Jesus, Splendid (Illustrious, etc.) from Bethlehem, the House of Bread. He is Splendor of God and the Bread of Life. Saying he has thirty sons refers to the sonship that comes through Him and which is ultimately revealed “at the right moment.”

There is a time when the sonship of His people or the rejection of His people will be fully realized. The thirty daughters going out and the other thirty daughters coming in for his sons anticipate the inheritances of His people.

The word inheritance is feminine in both Hebrew (nakhalah) and Greek (kléronomia). At the right moment in time, those who reject Him will have their inheritances sent out while those who are His will have their inheritances brought in.

Saying Ibzan judged Israel seven years signifies the spiritual perfection of those saved. As Bullinger noted, the root signifies satisfied or have enough. And more, Bullinger noted the connection to rest, something that is finally granted to those who are saved, as well as the satisfaction of an oath, something that comes through the covenant promises which are finally realized.

Ibzan’s death closes out the typology. Stating that he was buried in the same place he came from is a confirmation of the typology concerning Christ being the Bread of Life that feeds His people eternally.

After Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite is mentioned. He is Strong, the Glorious Dwelling Place-ite, referring to Jesus who is from heaven. He judged Israel ten years. It speaks of the totality of the millennium, marking completeness of order of the dispensation. Nothing is wanting and the entire cycle is complete.

Saying that Elon the Zebulunite was buried in Aijalon in Zebulun is a way of saying that Jesus, the Man from heaven, retains His strong position at the end of the millennium that He possessed at the beginning of it. Thus, it reflects the state of those who possess the millennium in Christ.

After Elon came Abdon, son of Hillel, the Pirathonite. Translated, it speaks of Jesus: Working One, son of Praise, the Confederationite. Jesus, the Working One, is the One who accomplished all the work necessary for man to be reconciled to God.

He is the Son (meaning His character and nature) of Praise and the One who brings together as one every tribe, tongue, and nation, on earth “by the joining of autonomous people without compromising anybody’s freedom and autonomy and in fact adding to it” (Abarim). As it says in Revelation 5 –

“And they sang a new song, saying:
‘You are worthy to take the scroll,
And to open its seals;
For You were slain,
And have redeemed us to God by Your blood
Out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation,
10 And have made us kings and priests to our God;
And we shall reign on the earth.’” Revelation 5:9, 10

The millennium will be filled with those who accepted Christ, both Jew and Gentile from everywhere, when it is populated after the tribulation. That includes both those who survived through the tribulation as well as those who will reject the mark of the beast –

“And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was committed to them. Then I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received his mark on their foreheads or on their hands. And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years.” Revelation 20:4-6

This period is defined in the words concerning the forty sons and thirty grandsons. As noted, because this speaks of enlarged dominion and extended rule, it is to be defined by four, the number of material creation, and ten, the number of completeness of order.

The number, therefore, refers to completeness of order in the material creation. This is exactly what is contemplated in the thought of the millennium, meaning the final thousand years of man in the redemptive narrative.

The number thirty signifies the perfection of Divine order as marking right moment. The dispensational plan is complete with the ending of the millennium. Every word of the provided typology leading up to this point has carefully and precisely marked out all that is going on in the redemptive narrative from the time of the law through the completion of the millennium.

To fully reveal this, the two numbers are combined when noting the seventy donkeys. It reveals the “perfect spiritual order carried out with all spiritual power and significance. Both spirit and order are greatly emphasized” (Bullinger).

As noted, the type of donkey here pictures ruling status. That could not be more perfectly summed up than with the words of Revelation 20:6, they “shall reign with Him a thousand years.”

Of Abdon, Working One, it says he judged eight years. That exactingly describes the completion of the millennium, the seventh dispensation. It refers to regeneration and the beginning of a new era or order. This is just what lies ahead after the millennium –

“Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. Also there was no more sea. Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, ‘Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God Himself will be with them and be their God. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.’
Then He who sat on the throne said, ‘Behold, I make all things new.’ And He said to me, ‘Write, for these words are true and faithful.’” Revelation 21:1-5

The final verse of the chapter referred to Abdon’s death and where he was buried. It is a beautifully fitting end to this narrative –

“And dies, Working One, son of Praise, the Confederationite. And buries him in Confederation in the land of Twice Fruitful/Ashes in mount the People Who Wring Off.”

Exodus 17 ended with the words –

“And Moses built an altar and called its name, The-Lord-Is-My-Banner; 16 for he said, “Because the Lord has sworn: the Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” Exodus 17:15, 16

Jesus, because of the afflictions of His work (Ashes) became Twice Fruitful, gathering people from Jews and Gentiles despite the constant ongoing battle with the legalism of law observance. His work alone has defeated Amalek once and forever.

From Christ’s comprehensive, consummate, complete, and continuously effective work, there will be a heavenly confederation from every people group on the planet, hailing the Lamb of God for all eternity.

Without any manipulation at all, but simply reading the provided information gathered from these verses, it has revealed exactly what has been going on throughout the entire redemptive narrative since Judges 1.

Each step has carefully and meticulously provided doctrine to lead Israel to an understanding of what God in Christ is doing. As Gentiles today are included in the commonwealth of Israel, it is inclusive of us as well.

In this section, the three Judges combined reigned for a total of twenty-five years. The total is purposeful. It sums up the millennium dispensation. Each separate period bears its own signification. However, this total does as well –

“TWENTY-FIVE being the square of five (52 or 5×5), expresses the essence of the signification of five, i.e. grace, whether used alone or occurring as a factor in larger numbers.” Bullinger

The meaning is that whether before the coming of Christ or after His coming, and even through the millennium, man is saved solely by the grace of God in Christ. But there is more. Because these three narratives are linked to Jephthah’s rule by the words “after him,” the total, thirty-one years, has its own relevance.

“THIRTY-ONE The Hebrew expression of this is l), El, the name of God, and its signification as a number or factor would be Deity.” Bullinger

Without needing to stretch this at all, and because all four of these Judges clearly and unambiguously picture Christ, it is a resounding note to us that Jesus Christ is God.

As noted previously, to say that one must observe the law (which Jesus fulfilled) in order to be saved is an implicit denial of the truth that Jesus is God. Thus, to rely on the law after the completion of His work is the spirit of the antichrist, meaning denying the Father/Son relationship.

A battle is being waged, a spiritual battle, that is being worked out in literal human history, including worldwide battles that are prophesied to happen in the future. Every step of this process is given to refine and purify those who will come to God through faith in Jesus Christ alone.

No person can be saved apart from His work. This is what the Bible says. Let us pay heed to the message, put ourselves and our pride aside, and let us trust – wholly and completely – in Jesus Christ alone. He can (and He will ) save. Hooray for Jesus!

Closing Verse: “They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; 17 for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” Revelation 17:16, 17

Next Week: Judges 13:1-14 Fun a ton! His story is so swell… (Samson, Judge of Israel, Part I) (39th Judges Sermon)

The Lord has you exactly where He wants you. He has a good plan and purpose for you. It is He who judges His people according to their deeds. So, follow Him, live for Him, and trust Him, and He will do marvelous things for you and through you.

Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon, Judges of Israel

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel
He had thirty sons, that’s several tons
And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage
And brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons

He judged Israel seven years, certainly enjoying them
Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem

After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel
He judged Israel ten years, sure was fun
And Elon the Zebulunite died
And was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun

After him, Abdon the son of Hillel
The Pirathonite judged Israel
He had forty sons and thirty grandsons
Who rode on seventy young donkeys. What a story to tell!

He judged Israel eight years
Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died
And was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim
In the mountains of the Amalekites. From there, he will make
———-his transformation ride

Lord God, turn our hearts to be obedient to Your word
Give us wisdom to be ever faithful to You
May we carefully heed each thing we have heard
Yes, Lord God may our hearts be faithful and true

And we shall be content and satisfied in You alone
We will follow You as we sing our songs of praise
Hallelujah to You; to us Your path You have shown
Hallelujah we shall sing to You for all of our days

Hallelujah and Amen…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel. He had thirty sons. And he gave away thirty daughters in marriage, and brought in thirty daughters from elsewhere for his sons. He judged Israel seven years. 10 Then Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem.

11 After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel. He judged Israel ten years. 12 And Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried at Aijalon in the country of Zebulun.

13 After him, Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel. 14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy young donkeys. He judged Israel eight years. 15 Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mountains of the Amalekites.