Joshua 19:24-31 (The Inheritance of Asher)

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson

Joshua 19:24-31
The Inheritance of Asher

It’s always exciting for me to have those little events in life crop up that seem coincidental, but which never are. Quite often Jim will open the church and he’ll talk about something that will, without advanced planning, be exactly what is referred to in the sermon.

At times, one of the psalms that is read in church will be referred to in the sermon. That is never planned because the sermons are typed well in advance and I never really know what psalm will be read on Sunday morning, simply because we skip one once in a while, or we forget to read one, or whatever.

And yet, the exact psalm that is there to open the service will read right into the content of the sermon. Similarly, there are many times when I will be doing my morning Bible reading, and I find myself reading exactly what I need for sermon typing that Monday.

That happened on the day I typed this sermon. I read the first few chapters of Micah that morning and then got started. About six hours into sermon typing, I realized that both passages use the name Achzib.

The name is found in Joshua 19:29 and in Micah 1:14. Considering that name is only found four times in the Bible, that was a fun surprise for me. Little God winks like that always make me glad I read the Bible every day. So, how many chapters did you read this morning?

Text Verse: “Kiss the Chosen One, lest He be angry, And ye lose the way, When His anger burneth but a little, O the happiness of all trusting in Him!” Psalm 2:12 (YLT)

The word esher, or happiness comes from ashar, blessed or happy. This is the word used by Leah when Asher was born. What is it that brings happiness? What is it that will bring eternal happiness? Unfortunately, too many in the church wrongly equate the two kinds of happiness. “This makes me happy and so this will be what God will provide for eternal happiness.”

With this kind of thinking, every possible perversion one can name has crept into the church. We take our corrupt view on happiness, such as sexual sin, decide that God accepts this, and then anticipate that for all of eternity we will be able to indulge in sexual sin.

If you think this is crazy, just look at what is taught in almost every mainstream church on the planet. This isn’t happiness. It is moral corruption and wickedness. It will not lead to eternal bliss. For those poor, deluded fools, it will bring eternal condemnation as God’s wrath is poured out on them.

What makes me happy? One thing is driving to church for Bible study or Sunday gathering and the very passage that is playing on the audio Bible as I drive is a part of what is in the material to be presented in the next couple of hours. Man, I get the biggest kick out of that.

Puppies make me happy too.

There are some contrasts set forth for us in today’s passage. First, we will evaluate the content for what it all means, and then we will see how it all fits in typologically with something we all experience in our lives in Christ.

Great things are to be found in His superior word. And so, let us turn to that precious word once again, and… May God speak to us through His word today, and may His glorious name ever be praised.

I. The Fifth Lot (verses 24-31)

The narrative continues as it details the final seven tribal land inheritances that are being assigned according to the lot. The first was to Benjamin. The second was to Simeon. The third went to Zebulun. The fourth went to Issachar. The fifth is now designated and detailed for the tribe of Asher…

24 The fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.

Asher was Jacob’s eighth son and the second son of Leah’s maidservant Zilpah. The lot drawn for him comes after Zebulun and Issachar, despite them being born later. This is because the sons of the maidservants are detailed after those of Jacob’s wives, Leah and Rachel. The record of his birth is found in Genesis 30 –

“When Leah saw that she had stopped bearing, she took Zilpah her maid and gave her to Jacob as wife. 10 And Leah’s maid Zilpah bore Jacob a son. 11 Then Leah said, ‘A troop comes!’ So she called his name Gad. 12 And Leah’s maid Zilpah bore Jacob a second son. 13 Then Leah said, ‘I am happy, for the daughters will call me blessed.’ So she called his name Asher.”  Genesis 30:9-13

In her exclamation, Leah makes a pun on the noun osher (happiness) and the verb ashar (blessed), saying, b’asheri ki ish’runi banoth – “I am in happiness for will call me blessed, daughters.” As such the name means Happy but it also means Blessed.

On the march from Sinai to Canaan, Dan, Asher, and Naphtali were stationed north of the tabernacle under the standard of Dan. In the order of marching, this was the final standard to break camp and move.

It is interesting that the youngest son of each handmaid, Asher and Naphtali, are paired next to each other in the most northern area of Canaan in the tribal land grants. Asher will be in the most northwestern area of the land, along the Mediterranean Sea. Cambridge describes it, saying –

“The general position of the tribe was on the slope of the Galilean mountains from Carmel northwards, with Manasseh on the south, Zebulun and Issachar on the south-east, and Naphtali on the north-east, a narrow, but beautiful and fertile region.” Cambridge

With that, the description begins by stating…

25 And their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph,

As is usual, the NKJV destroys the earlier correct translation of the KJV when such lists are made, leaving out the conjunctions between each name: v’hi gevulam khelqath va’khali, va’veten, v’akhshaph – “And was their border Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph.

What is described begins with the central part of the territory. It goes to the south in verses 26 and 27 and then to the north in verses 28 and 30.

Khelqath comes from the verb khalaq, to divide or share, or from the noun khelqah, a parcel or portion. Hence, it is variously translated as Division, Portion, Field, or Possession. Strong’s, however, takes a figurative meaning of the word khelqah and calls it Smoothness.This is derived from the description of Jacob’s skin in Genesis 27 –

“Then Rebekah took the choice clothes of her elder son Esau, which were with her in the house, and put them on Jacob her younger son. 16 And she put the skins of the kids of the goats on his hands and on the smooth part [khelaqh] of his neck. 17 Then she gave the savory food and the bread, which she had prepared, into the hand of her son Jacob.” Genesis 27:15-17

Using this figurative sense, the word is also used to describe the smooth tongue. Thus, a figurative meaning could be Flattery.

Khali comes from the noun khali, an ornament or jewel. That, however, comes from khalah, which signifies to be rubbed or worn (as when a jewel is polished). Figuratively, that word means weak or sick as well as to stroke, as in flattery. A second root is khalal, to pierce. Thus, it is translated as Jewel, Ornament, Polished, Pierced Thing, Pierced, etc.

Beten comes from beten, the belly or womb. Thus it means Belly or Womb. However, the NAS Concordance looks at it as Depression, taking it as a depression in the terrain that looks like a belly.

Achshaph was seen in Chapter 11. It is possibly from kashaph, meaning to practice sorcery. Hence, it signifies Fascination or Bewitched. Next…

26 Alammelech, Amad, and Mishal;

Alammelech comes from alah, an oak, or from alah, an oath. The second half is from melekh, king. Thus, it is Oak of the/a King or Oath of the/a King.

Amad is said by Strong’s to come from am, people, and ad, time (meaning perpetuity/eternal). Thus it is People of Time.

Mishal is from shaal, to ask or inquire. Strong’s defines it as Request.

26 (con’t) it reached to Mount Carmel westward, along the Brook Shihor Libnath.

u-phaga b’karmel ha’yamah u-b’shikhor livnath – “And impinged in Carmel, the westward (or seaward as in Jeremiah 46:18), and in Shihor Libnath.”

Carmel means Plantation, Orchard, or Fruitful Field (Plentiful Place). Clarke calls it Vineyard of God.

Shikhor Livnath comes from two words obviously intended to avoid any hint of racism (or not) shakhar, to be black, and laven, to be white. Having said that, the noun shakhar means dawn and the verb shakhar means to seek early or diligently.

Thus, the meaning of the city’s name could have an amazing number of possibilities including Black-White, Dark Side of the Moon, or Lunar Eclipse. To throw in another monkey wrench, the thought of laven, or white, has consistently referred to works since early Genesis.

This is because laven also means brick because bricks whiten when they are fired. Bricks imply human labor and thus works. Therefore, for typology, the city could be translated as Blackened Works, Early Works, or Diligently Seeking Works, etc.

27 It turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon;

v’shav mizrakh ha’shemesh beith dagon – “And turned rising the sun, Beth Dagon.” Beith means House. Dagon comes from dag, fish, but as much as anything, fish signify abundance.

Hence the word daga means to multiply or increase and dagan refers to cereal crops in general, thus natural abundance. Therefore, Beth Dagon can mean House of Dagon (the god), House of Fish, House of Increase, or House of Cultivation of Natural Abundance.

27 (con’t) and it reached to Zebulun and to the Valley of Jiphthah El,

Zebulun means Glorious Dwelling Place.

The valley, ge, comes from gevah, pride, which in turn comes from gaah, rise up, high, etc. This means the sides of the valley rise up, forming the valley.

Yiphtakh means He Will Open. Taken together with El, or God, the name means God Will Open or God Opens. Ellicott defines it as God’s Opening. They all carry the same general meaning.

27 (con’t) then northward beyond Beth Emek and Neiel, bypassing Cabul which was on the left,

The word “bypassing” is entirely incorrect: tsaphonah beith ha’emeq un’iel v’yatsa el kavul mis’mol – “northward Beth the Emek and Neiel and went out unto Cabul from left.”

As for Beth Emek, beith means House and emeq means Valley, but that comes from amoq, to be deep. Thus, it is House of the Valley or House of the Depth.

Neiel means something like Moved of God or Scattered of God, although some say it is Dwelling Place of God.

Cabul comes from kevel, a fetter. Thus it signifies a limitation. Therefore, Strong’s defines it as Sterile. Others define it as Good for Nothing. The same name, but regarding a different area, is seen again in 1 Kings 9 –

“Then Hiram went from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him, but they did not please him. 13 So he said, ‘What kind of cities are these which you have given me, my brother?’ And he called them the land of Cabul, as they are to this day. 14 Then Hiram sent the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold.” 1 Kings 9:12-14

In this passage from 1 Kings, Keil ties it to the root חבל (khevel), which would give the meaning Pawned or Pledged. Hence he concludes that this strip of territory was merely given to Hiram as a security for the repayment of a loan. That would make sense based on the note about the gold. However, this thought would take us back to the original word, fetter. Hiram may have felt chained to the land based upon the money sent. Thus, it may simply mean Fettered.

28 including Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.

Ebron is from the verb avar, to pass over, or the noun ever, the region beyond. Thus it is Beyond, Passing, or Passage. Strong’s defines it as Transitional.

Rekhov means Wide Space or Open Place.

Khamon comes from khamam, to be or become warm. Thus, it is Warmed, Hot, Glowing, or maybe Hot Spring.

Qanah comes from qanah, to get, or acquire. That is the root of qaneh, a reed because a reed is used as a measuring device. Thus, it can mean Reed, Possessed, or Possessor. Church historian Jerome says that this is identified as Cana where Jesus performed his first miracle because this Cana, rather than another one, was in Asher. It is in the upper Galilee rather than the lower Galilee.

Tsidon Rabah (Greater Sidon) means Great Hunting Place or Great Fishery.

29 And the border turned to Ramah and to the fortified city of Tyre;

v’shav ha’gevul ha’ramah v’ad ir mivtsar tsor – “And turned the border the Ramah and until city fortified, Tsor.” This is probably not speaking of Tyre at all. It is generally agreed that it wasn’t until later that Tyre became a noted location. Rather, this could be a fortified city known as Tsor, the same name later given to what we today translate as Tyre.

The Ramah means The Height or The Lofty Place.

Tsor (Tyre) comes from tsor, flint, or tsur, rock. Thus, it is the fortified city, Rock.

29 (con’t) then the border turned to Hosah, and ended at the sea by the region of Achzib.

v’shav ha’gevul khosah v’yihyu tots’otav ha’yamah me’khevel akhzivah – “And turned the border Hosah and were outgoings the sea from cord Achzib.” The meaning of “cord” is that which is marked off, and thus an area or region.

Khosah comes from khasah, to seek refuge. Thus, it means Seeking Refuge or simply Refuge. Strong’s goes with the intent of what the act of seeking refuge is and translates it as Hopeful.

Akhziv comes from akhzav, deceptive or disappointing. That comes from kazav, to be a liar. Thus, it literally means Lying or Liar, but the intent is probably Deceptive or Disappointing.

Micah will use the name in a word play he makes on the names of cites in Israel. There he says, “The houses of Achzib [akhziv] to lie [l’akhsav] to the kings of Israel” (Micah 1:14). The idea is that what appears useful turns out to be completely disappointing.

30 Also Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob were included:

It would be nice if they just translated as it is given: v’umah va’apheq, u-rekhov – “And Ummah, and Aphek, and Rehob.”

Ummah comes from ummah, a word signifying close against, beside, next to, corresponding to, and so on. That comes from im, with. Thus it means Association or Union.

Apheq comes from aphaq, meaning to contain, refrain, or be strong. Hence, it is Fortress.

As before, Rekhov means Wide Space or Open Place.

30 (con’t) twenty-two cities with their villages.

The number obviously doesn’t match the named cities, but there are, as always, various explanations for this. There may be joint border cities, names used as references of where the border goes to, some cities may be collocated and thus be one city with a joint name, and so forth.

What is of note isn’t that, but the meaning of the number itself –

“Twenty-two, being the double of eleven, has the significance of that number in an intensified form,—disorganization and disintegration, especially in connection with the Word of God. For the number two is associated with the second person of the Godhead, the living Word. It is associated with the worst of Israel’s kings,—Jeroboam (1 Kings 14:20), and Ahab (1 Kings 16:29), each reigning 22 years. Eleven, we have seen, derives its significance by being an addition to Divine order (10), and a subtraction from Divine rule (12). These are two of the three ways in which the written Word of God can be corrupted—the third being alteration. ‘The words of the LORD are pure words’—words pertaining to this world and therefore requiring to be purified (see p. 169). But these words have been altered, taken from, and added to by man. Is there anything in this which connects it with the fact that the letters of the alphabet (Hebrew) are twenty-two in number? Does it point to the fact that the revelation of God in being committed to human language and to man’s keeping would thereby be subject to disintegration and corruption?” Bullinger

*31 (fin) This was the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.

zoth nakhalath mateh bene asher l’misp’hotam he’arim v’khatsrehen – “This inheritance tribe Asher to their families, their cities and their villages.” With this, the cities of Asher, along with some of its borders, have been defined. What is the Lord telling us with all these names?

Happy are those who walk in the light of the Lord
Who are content to follow Him all their days
Happy are those who cherish His word
Learning it and applying it to all of their ways

Happy are those who do not stand in the path of sinners
Nor those who sit in the seat of the scornful
Such as these are life’s true winners
Such as are not will be eternally mournful

Follow the Lord and delight in His law always
Meditate on His word with all of your mind
You will stand in His presence for eternal days
This temporary, fallen world will forever be left behind

II. The Typology Explained

As was seen, there are said to be twenty-two cities within Asher. Even though that comes at the end of the verses, it provides the tone for the seemingly confused state of names contained within them.

Bullinger noted that “twenty-two, being the double of eleven, has the significance of that number in an intensified form,—disorganization and disintegration, especially in connection with the Word of God.” It is also “associated with the second person of the Godhead, the living Word.”

Concerning the word, through our actions and conduct, including teaching and instruction, we can add to the word, (legalism), or we can detract from the word (license). We can also alter the word (corruption). Each of these cause disorganization and disintegration of the word.

This is immediately seen in verse 25 with the naming of the cities. Helkath comes from a root meaning to divide or share, or one signifying a parcel or portion. They both give the sense of division.

Hali ultimately comes from a root signifying rubbed or worn. Strong’s notes that it includes the thought of stroking, as in flattery. Beten was then defined as Belly or Womb, and Achshaph as Fascination or Bewitched.

Each of these is a part of how Paul describes what is going on in the church, such as –

“Now I urge you, brethren, note those who cause divisions and offenses, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and avoid them. 18 For those who are such do not serve our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly, and by smooth words and flattering speech deceive the hearts of the simple.” Romans 16:17, 18

“For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ: 19 whose end is destruction, whose god is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame—who set their mind on earthly things.” Philippians 3:18, 19

“O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you that you should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed among you as crucified? This only I want to learn from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now being made perfect by the flesh? Have you suffered so many things in vain—if indeed it was in vain?” Galatians 3:1-4

The next names, in verse 26, provide a contrast to those things. Alammelech, Oath of the King, are those who trust the word of God, accepting His word as an unbreakable oath.

Amad, People of Time (meaning eternity) is an obvious explanation of their eternal state in Christ. Mishal, or Request, is the manner in which they live, letting their “requests be made known to God” (Philippians 4:6) instead of fretting away their lives in anxiety.

Carmel, Fruitful Field, (Vineyard of God according to Clarke) is explained by Paul, saying, “you are God’s field” (1 Corinthians 3:9). Shihor Libnath, as I typologically translated it as Diligently Seeking Works, is exactingly explained by Paul –

“Command those who are rich in this present age not to be haughty, nor to trust in uncertain riches but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy. 18 Let them do good, that they be rich in good works, ready to give, willing to share, 19 storing up for themselves a good foundation for the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life.” 1 Timothy 6:17-19

In these names of verses 25 & 26, there is seen this contrast: Two opposing sides within the church, warring against one another. As such, we should take the next locations in verse 27 as describing not one hope but one of two hopes.

The turn is “toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon.” Toward the sunrise would indicate toward the rising light of Christ. Beth Dagon is the House of Increase. One hope is increase in this life, the other is hope in the next. Each is a hope based on what one expects God to provide and how He will provide it.

That takes us back to Paul’s words about those who set their minds on earthly things as opposed to spiritual things. He says –

“For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God.” Romans 8:5-8

The border reaches to Zebulun, Glorious Dwelling Place. Though the heavenly anticipation is the hope of release from the cares of this world, the spiritually minded want release from the perversion of it, whereas the carnally minded want it to be their eternal state, doing the things they do now without ever facing death.

The next named location is ge yiphtakh el, the Valley of God Opens. The word ge come from gevah, pride or exaltation. There are those who are proud that God will open heaven for them, and there are those who exalt God for opening heaven for them. The perspectives result in either self-pride or humility.

It is Jesus through whom God opens heaven for Man. He is the dividing marker and how we perceive ourselves in relation to Him is the key difference between salvation and condemnation. Is it by faith in His works, or do we exalt ourselves in who we are and what we have done?

From there, the border turned northward, the hidden or darkened direction in Scripture. It went beyond Beth Emek, the House of the Depth. Using the word amoq, the root of emeq, there is a contrast in the two following thoughts –

“O Lord, how great are Your works!
Your thoughts are very deep [amoq].
A senseless man does not know,
Nor does a fool understand this.”  Psalm 92:5

“They are deeply [amoq] corrupted,
As in the days of Gibeah.
He will remember their iniquity;
He will punish their sins.” Hosea 9:9

The contrast fits those who are in the church. Some are hidden in Christ, and some only claim to be so. There are those who are in the House of the Depth considering the things of God, and there are those who are in the House of the Deep living in corruption, iniquity, and sin. The church is comprised of both. Woe to the latter.

Neiel, Moved of God, is next named. One will either be moved of God in the things of God, or he will be moved away from God as Cain was.

After that came Cabul. The meaning of the name is debated but, based on what was presented from 1 Kings 9 in the interaction between Solomon and Hiram, it does appear to be some sort of binding that occurred between the two of them, be it a pledge or a fetter. With that in mind, one is either bound to the Lord through Christ in salvation, or he is so in condemnation.

Verse 28 began with Ebron which Strong’s translated as Transitional. That is the state of all mankind in relation to Christ while in this body. We are either awaiting heaven or hell. What we have here is not what will be.

Rehob is the Wide Space. There is either a narrow path to the Wide Spaces of heaven, or there is a wide path to the narrow confines of hell. One, the latter, speaks of the earthly minded, the other, the former, of the heavenly minded in this life.

Hammon comes from khamam, to become warm. That is used in Isaiah 57 when referring to allegiances –

“Inflaming [khamam] yourselves with gods under every green tree,
Slaying the children in the valleys,
Under the clefts of the rocks?
Among the smooth stones of the stream
Is your portion;
They, they, are your lot!” Isaiah 57:5, 6

There are those who are inflamed with the passions of this world, and there are those who are impassioned by the warmth of God towards them in Christ. The names provide contrast. That continues with Kanah.

Though it comes from the word signifying a reed, the reed is used to indicate obtaining or acquiring and thus Possessed. Those in the visible church are either possessed by Christ, or they are not. If not, they remain possessed by the devil. The Bible gives no other options. Some are so deluded, though, that they think they are the Lord’s when they are not. We all must evaluate what we truly believe.

The next location is Greater Tsidon, the Great Fishery. Everyone is as a fish. When Jesus said to Simon and Andrew that they would be fishers of men, he meant that men are like fish to be caught. That, by necessity, means that some are caught, and some are not. Even within the visible church, there are caught fish, and there are those who are not. Don’t be a not, but rather a caught.

Next is ha’Ramah, or The Lofty Place. It may be stretching this too much, but it is hard to not at least attempt the connection. This is still the northern border, heading west. A passage in the Psalms and one in Isaiah contrast concerning what seems to be speaking of the Lofty Place –

“Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised
In the city of our God,
In His holy mountain.
Beautiful in elevation,
The joy of the whole earth,
Is Mount Zion on the sides of the north,
The city of the great King.
God is in her palaces;
He is known as her refuge.” Psalm 48:1-3

“How you are fallen from heaven,
O Lucifer, son of the morning!
How you are cut down to the ground,
You who weakened the nations!
13 For you have said in your heart:
‘I will ascend into heaven,
I will exalt my throne above the stars of God;
I will also sit on the mount of the congregation
On the farthest sides of the north;
14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds,
I will be like the Most High.’
15 Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol,
To the lowest depths of the Pit.” Isaiah 14:12-15

Though the passage in Isaiah is widely thought to be referring to Satan, this is not the case. The word translated as “Lucifer” is helel meaning “shining one.” By using a Latin word and then incorrectly turning it into a pronoun, all kinds of confusion has arisen over this.

The passage is speaking of the King of Babylon. He was an unregenerate man who thought too highly of himself. This is the state of those who place themselves in the Lofty Place instead of placing the Lord there.

The next location named was ir mivtsar tsor – “city fortified, Rock.” The contrast and explanation is found in the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32:32 where it says, “For their rock is not like our Rock.” There are those who are confident in their rock (tsur), and yet their rock is not the Lord who is the Rock (tsur).

From Tsor, the next location is Hosah, translated by Strong’s as Hopeful, but the idea is Refuge. When we seek refuge, that is our hope. The contrast is between who one is seeking. For the true believer, it is explained in Hebrews 6 –

“Thus God, determining to show more abundantly to the heirs of promise the immutability of His counsel, confirmed it by an oath, 18 that by two immutable things, in which it is impossible for God to lie, we might have strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold of the hope set before us.” Hebrews 6:17, 18

For those who are in Christ, there is no need for fear. Their refuge in Christ is set. On the other hand, for those who are not, there is Achzib, Deceptive or Disappointing. This cannot apply to those who are believers because they have already obtained refuge. On the other hand, the final three names are given to contrast that.

Ummah or Union speaks of the state of believers in Christ, being united to God through Him. Aphek, or Fortress, is also their state, secured in their salvation because of Him. And Rehob, Wide Space speaks not of the path they are on, but where their narrow path leads.

This is the explanation of what is going on in the church. The warnings and blessings are laid out in the gospels and epistles, but the typology was given in Joshua. Hence, there are twenty-two cities that contrast, forming a scene of disorganization and disintegration that exists until it is finally and forever corrected by the coming of Christ for His true church.

And, unfortunately, that state of corruption exists within His word as well when man adds to it or subtracts from it, or even – as happens more and more in the world today – alters it. By this time in history, we should have a word that is so grasped by faithful believers that we could have no doubt about its contents.

And yet, because of purposeful manipulation of this word, it is becoming more and more splintered, not more cohesive. We must carefully and faithfully hold to its sacred contents, we must warn against faulty evaluations of it, and we must never consider adding to it through legalism or detracting from it through license.

Instead, let us hold fast to this cherished word, in context, and with a proper and right understanding of what it is telling us. And having said that, my evaluation of these many locations must certainly be lacking in some areas. I have done my best to present to you what I believe we are being told, but that doesn’t mean I have gotten all the details correct.

And so, please be certain to study the word yourself, consider what you have heard, and hold on to what is good while letting go of what is in error. The word of God is too precious to not do this. Handle this treasure carefully and meditate on it always.

This is your guide to right living and proper glorification of the Lord who created you, sent His Son to redeem you, and then gave you His word to instruct you. Please hold fast to this word. In doing this, your life and your eternal destiny will certainly be Happy and Blessed.

Closing Verse: “O the happiness of that one, who Hath not walked in the counsel of the wicked. And in the way of sinners hath not stood, And in the seat of scorners hath not sat.” Psalm 1:1 (YLT)

Next Week: Joshua 19:32-39 Great things for us to see… (The Inheritance of Naphtali) (42nd Joshua Sermon)

The Lord has you exactly where He wants you. He has a good plan and purpose for you. It is He who has defeated the enemy and who now offers His people rest. So, follow Him and trust Him and He will do marvelous things for you and through you.

The Inheritance of Asher

The fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher
According to their families, one and all
And their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten
Achshaph, Alammelech, Amad, and Mishal

It reached to Mount Carmel westward, along the
———-Brook Shihor Libnath
It turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon as well
And it reached to Zebulun and to the Valley of Jiphthah El
Then northward beyond Beth Emek and Neiel

Bypassing Cabul which was on the left
Including Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as
———-Greater Sidon
And the border turned to Ramah and to the fortified city of Tyre
Then the border turned to Hosah, and ended at the sea by the
———-region of Achzib, which was well known

Also Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob were included:
Twenty-two cities with their villages too
This was the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher
According to their families, these cities with their villages
———-these they did accrue

Lord God, turn our hearts to be obedient to Your word
Give us wisdom to be ever faithful to You
May we carefully heed each thing we have heard
Yes, Lord God may our hearts be faithful and true

And we shall be content and satisfied in You alone
We will follow You as we sing our songs of praise
Hallelujah to You; to us Your path You have shown
Hallelujah we shall sing to You for all of our days

Hallelujah and Amen…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24 The fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families. 25 And their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph, 26 Alammelech, Amad, and Mishal; it reached to Mount Carmel westward, along the Brook Shihor Libnath. 27 It turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon; and it reached to Zebulun and to the Valley of Jiphthah El, then northward beyond Beth Emek and Neiel, bypassing Cabul which was on the left, 28 including Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon. 29 And the border turned to Ramah and to the fortified city of Tyre; then the border turned to Hosah, and ended at the sea by the region of Achzib. 30 Also Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob were included: twenty-two cities with their villages. 31 This was the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.

Acts 16:19

Spotsylvania County. “I vant to vash your clothes.”

Sunday, 30 April 2023

But when her masters saw that their hope of profit was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace to the authorities. Acts 16:19

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

The previous verse told of Paul commanding in the name of the Lord for the spirit of Python to come out of the girl. That came about as commanded. Now, Luke next records, “But when her masters saw that their hope of profit was gone.”

The word translated as “profit” is ergasia. It is a singular noun meaning work, trade, craft, business, etc. As such, the word as used by Luke indicates the result of the work, thus the profit. This is another sure indication that the spirit really had hold of the girl. If she was just faking her words, she could continue to do that without any change having taken place in her. But she is now unable to do what she had previously done. Being a slave girl, her profit belonged to her owners. They were now deprived of that.

They looked at her ability as a source of income, just as they would a plumber or a chairmaker. She was no longer able to conduct her affairs as she previously had, and this meant they would have to look elsewhere to replace whatever money she brought in. As this was so, it became a legal issue for them. Therefore, “they seized Paul and Silas.”

These were obviously the two main perpetrators in their eyes. The others who accompanied them, such as Luke and Timothy, were not deemed responsible for what had occurred. Having laid their hands on these two, it next says, “and dragged them into the marketplace.”

The marketplace is called the Agora. It was not just a marketplace, but the center of social life as found in all Greek cities. Charles Ellicott notes –

“In Philippi, as a colonia, reproducing the arrangements of Rome, it would answer to the Forum, where the magistrates habitually sat. What had taken place would naturally cause excitement and attract a crowd.” It is to this location that they were dragged “to the authorities.”

Of this, the Pulpit Commentary next states –

“Philippi, being a colony, was governed by Roman magistrates called duumviri, corresponding to the two consuls at Rome. But we learn from Cicero that in his time the duuraviri in the colonies were beginning to be called praetors, a [title] previously used only at Rome (‘De Leg. Agrar.,’ 34), and to be preceded by lictors… Two inscriptions have been found in which the duumviri of Philippi are mentioned.”

Life application: Today in various countries, pastors and preachers are being arrested for disturbances as they go about spreading the gospel. Some of them are deserved. Other than bringing attention to self, there are those who stand in marketplaces and other areas and yell at people while telling them they are going to hell. Nothing of value is brought about by such actions. They set about to incite people and the conflicts that arise are sometimes of their own making.

Some go into areas that are privately owned and expect that they will be free from arrest when they pass out tracts. But privately owned malls and businesses are allowed to set policies for the conduct of those who come into their establishments.

However, there are those who go into the public square where freedom of speech has fewer restrictions, and they are not in violation of any codes or ordinances. And yet, they are treated as offenders and arrested. If the same treatment is not given to all others who are doing the same thing, then they have a legitimate case for redress against the authorities.

If you are planning on evangelizing in various areas, be sure to know what the laws of the area you are going to are. If you are arrested, it very well may be your own fault. If so, you should not be held as a martyr for the faith. Rather, you are just like any other miscreant who needs to be penalized for your actions. Be sure that what you do is not going to bring discredit upon the name of the Lord who you are supposedly trying to exalt.

Lord God, give us the wisdom to know when and where it is appropriate to share our faith in You. Help us not to work in a manner contrary to bringing You glory through the preaching of the gospel. Rather, may our actions be seen as faithful people who are willing to expend themselves to bring the good news to those who truly need it. Amen.

 

 

 

Acts 16:18

Saturday, 29 April 2023

And this she did for many days.
But Paul, greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.” And he came out that very hour. Acts 16:18

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

Note: The verbs are completely off in the translation by the NKJV. They follow four of the five translational errors of the KJV. For this study, the BLB will be used: “And she continued this for many days. And Paul having been distressed and having turned, said to the spirit, ‘I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out from her.’ And it came out that hour.”

In the last verse, the slave girl with the spirit of Python had been following Paul and those with him, crying out that they were servants of the Most High God who were proclaiming the way of salvation. With that noted, Luke next records, “And she continued this for many days.”

The verb, being imperfect, is rightly translated as “continued.” She just followed along and annoyingly kept calling out the same thing. As noted in the previous verse, the emphasis in her voice may have been mocking, provoking, dismissive, or in some other manner that finally took its toll on the men. It seems to have really been bothersome to Paul though because Luke next records, “And Paul having been distressed and having turned, said to the spirit.”

The use of participles brings life and motion to the event. Luke brings us into the event as it has started, preparing our minds for what next is to transpire.

As for the words “having been distressed,” they come from the Greek word diaponeomai. This is its second and last use in the Bible. The first was found in Acts 4:2 where the priests, captain of the temple, and the Sadducees came upon Peter and John as they preached in the temple.

The word gives the sense of being thoroughly worn out, as if a piercing fatigue. Paul was just done with it, and so he decided it was high time to end her annoying proclamations. Therefore, he called out, “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out from her.”

The words leave no other option than that the girl was, in fact, possessed. Paul could not have commanded a spirit to come out of her that did not exist. As an apostle, he was given this authority and he obviously knew that the power had been endowed upon him at this time to exercise it. And so, proclaiming that his authority was endowed by Jesus Christ, he commanded the spirit to come out from her. With that, Luke next records, “And it came out that hour.”

It is a way of saying, “right away.” There was no need to conduct a ceremony, wait till the next day to do a checkup and then certify compliance, or any such thing. At the spoken word of Paul, the spirit departed from the slave girl and the annoying proclamations ended.

Life application: Acts is a descriptive account of events that occurred as the church was being established. Nothing is prescribed in this account, and no precedent for future exorcisms has been established through Luke’s recording of the events. Paul was given apostolic authority to do certain things at certain times. However, the ability to do these things was not unlimited.

Paul could heal at times. At other times, he could not do so. Paul was able to restore a dead person at one point, but it does not mean he could do so at any point. Likewise, he was given the power to drive out this spirit of Python, but this does not mean he always had this power. And more, these abilities were apostolic in nature. Nothing is said that these powers were to continue after the apostles were dead.

With the word of God compiled, we have the written record of what occurred at the church’s establishment. We can either accept that the events recorded are true or we can dismiss them as fairy tales. But we should not expect that they can be repeated by us. There is no need for them. The witness of the word is sufficient to establish the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Let us accept it and know that even when we have trials and troubles, sicknesses and sadnesses, we can know that they are temporary and will someday be behind us.

Lord God, we have confidence in our walk before You because we have the written record of who You are, of what You are capable of, and what You have done to establish the church which has continued for two thousand years. These things give us the full assurance that the promises recorded in it will come to pass. We are secure in You. Thank You for this wonderful reassurance! Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 16:17

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson

Friday, 28 April 2023

This girl followed Paul and us, and cried out, saying, “These men are the servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to us the way of salvation.” Acts 16:17

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

In the previous verse, the girl with the spirit of Python was introduced. Of her, Luke now continues with, “This girl followed Paul and us.”

Depending on the Greek text, the verb is either an aorist or a present participle – “having followed” or “following.” The narrative is being carefully described by Luke to show the action as if it is occurring while being read.

In his words, Luke continues with the first person, including himself with the others. It is apparent that he wasn’t just with the group, but that they were often together as they headed out for prayer and evangelism. As they went, the girl had followed them, “and cried out, saying.”

Now, the verb is imperfect. She cried out and kept crying out. One can imagine how annoying it would be to have someone constantly following behind and yelling out the same thing as they continued along. In this case, Luke says that she was crying out, “These men are the servants of the Most High God.”

Luke doesn’t give the reason for her constant crying out. Nor can we infer from the words where the emphasis of them was. Placing the stress on various words within the statement changes the meaning and intent of what was being said –

* THESE men are the servants of the Most High God. This might be the girl’s way of ridiculing the men.

* These MEN are the servants of the Most High God. As everyone around was probably aware of her spirit of Python, she may be comparing her known abilities to the unproven abilities of the men, as if the feminine had proven itself whereas they had not.

* These men are the SERVANTS of the Most High God. In this, she could contrast the authority she supposedly possessed in herself with the lowly nature of being a servant to someone else, even if it is the Most High God.

* These men are the servants of the MOST HIGH God. Such a statement would contrast her proven abilities to a supposed God above all gods, challenging Him to prove himself.

One of these, or any other of such stresses can change our perception of the intent of what is being conveyed. Without hearing the words or having a suitable description, it is hard to be dogmatic. Likewise, the overall purpose for her calling these things out cannot be known for sure. Albert Barnes gives several possible reasons –

(1) That as she prophesied for gain, she supposed that Paul and Silas would reward her if she publicly proclaimed that they were the servants of God. Or,

(2) Because she was conscious that an evil spirit possessed her, and she feared that Paul and Silas would expel that spirit, and by proclaiming them to be the servants of God she hoped to conciliate their favor. Or,

(3) More probably it was because she saw evident tokens of their being sent from God, and that their doctrine would prevail; and by proclaiming this she hoped to acquire more authority, and a higher reputation for being herself inspired. Compare Mark 5:7.

A fourth reason could be that a war waged within her and, unlike Barnes’ second reason, she may actually have been hoping that Paul and Silas would expel it from her. No matter what, she annoyingly followed after them repeatedly crying out her message.

As for the message itself, she was calling out that they were servants of the Most High God “who proclaim to us the way of salvation.”

Again, this could be mocking, provoking, being dismissive, etc. Without knowing the emphasis in the words and in her voice, it is very hard to know exactly what her intent was. No matter what, the message she proclaimed was the truth regardless of how she presented it in her crying out.

It is of note that in the Greek, there is no article before “way.” More rightly, it says “a way of salvation.” It appears that the spirit within her does not want it to be known that there is a single avenue to salvation.

Life application: It is often asked if a believer can be possessed by a demon. Although the Bible does not directly answer the question, the answer still seems obvious. If a person is in Christ, that person cannot be possessed by a demon. The thoughts are incompatible. Having said that, believers can certainly be afflicted by the devil and his demons. That is made clear in many verses, two are –

“…give no place to the devil.” Ephesians 4:27

“Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil.” Ephesians 6:11

Such verses would be pointless if we could not be afflicted by the devil. In order to keep from being so afflicted, it is our responsibility to apply the word of God to our lives. In doing this, we will be prepared and protected against him and his demons. But we cannot do this without knowing the Bible.

KNOW YOUR BIBLE.

Glorious God Almighty, thank You for the surety of our salvation in Christ. And thank You that we are secure from being possessed by the enemy because of that. And thank You for Your word that can keep us from even being afflicted by him when we apply its precepts to our lives. How grateful we are to You. Amen.

 

 

 

 

 

Acts 16:16

Artwork by Douglas Kallerson

Thursday, 27 April 2023

Now it happened, as we went to prayer, that a certain slave girl possessed with a spirit of divination met us, who brought her masters much profit by fortune-telling. Acts 16:16

Note: You can listen to today’s commentary courtesy of our friends at “Bible in Ten” podcast. (Click Here to listen).

You can also read this commentary, with music, courtesy of our friends at “Discern the Bible” on YouTube. (Click Here to listen), or at Rumble (Click Here to listen).

Note: The verbs in the NKJV don’t give the sense of the Greek. A closer rendering would be, “Now it happened of us going to the prayer, a certain girl, having a spirit of Python, met us, who was bringing her masters much gain by fortune-telling” (CG). This will be used for the analysis.

In the previous verse, Lydia asked Paul and those with him to stay at her house. The events that now take place occur during that time. Luke’s words say, “Now it happened of us going to the prayer.”

The meaning of “the prayer” is argued whether it means a specific place of prayer, such as “to the place of prayer,” or if it is simply a way of saying they were going out to pray as we might say, “we are going to the church” or simply, “we are going to church.” Either way, the point is that they were heading out and were going for the purpose of prayer. On their way, it next says, “a certain girl, having a spirit of Python, met us.”

The Greek word puthón is seen only here. It comes from Putho, the region where the famous oracle of Delphi was located. Thus, it is a spirit of Python. Of this spirit, Vincent’s Word Studies gives a detailed explanation –

“Python, in the Greek mythology, was the serpent which guarded Delphi. According to the legend, as related in the Homeric hymn, Apollo descended from Olympus in order to select a site for his shrine and oracle. Having fixed upon a spot on the southern side of Mount Parnassus, he found it guarded by a vast and terrific serpent, which he slew with an arrow, and suffered its body to rot (πυθεῖν) in the sun. Hence the name of the serpent Python (rotting); Pytho, the name of the place, and the epithet Pythian, applied to Apollo. The name Python was subsequently used to denote a prophetic demon, and was also used of soothsayers who practised ventriloquism, or speaking from the belly. The word ἐγγαστρίμυθος, ventriloquist, occurs in the Septuagint, and is rendered having a familiar spirit (see Leviticus 19:31; Leviticus 20:6, 27; 1 Samuel 28:7, 8). The heathen inhabitants of Philippi regarded the woman as inspired by Apollo; and Luke, in recording this case, which came under his own observation, uses the term which would naturally suggest itself to a Greek physician, a Python-spirit, presenting phenomena identical with the convulsive movements and wild cries of the Pythian priestess at Delphi.”

Of this girl, it next says, “who was bringing her masters much gain.” As such, this made her a valuable asset to them. The source of the ability to make a profit from her was less important to them than the profit they made. How that source was able to make this profit through her was “by fortune-telling.”

The Greek verb is only found here, manteuomai. The word is derived from the word mainomai, raving mad, or to speak as a madman. One can see the root of the modern word mania or maniac. Of this word, Cambridge states –

“The word is only found here in the N. T., and wherever it occurs in the LXX. it is always used of the words of lying prophets (Deuteronomy 18:10; 1 Samuel 28:8; Ezekiel 13:6; Ezekiel 13:23; Micah 3:11); so that here we are constrained to take it in the same sense ‘by pretending to foretell the future.’”

This is an incorrect analysis. The account in 1 Samuel 28 is that of the witch of En Dor. There, the text is clear that the prophet Samuel was raised. Whether the witch raised him or whether the Lord allowed it to happen can be debated. She certainly seemed surprised when it occurred. Also, when the practice is forbidden in Deuteronomy 18, it makes no distinction between a lying prophet or one who truly taps into the supernatural realm –

“There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, or one who practices witchcraft, or a soothsayer, or one who interprets omens, or a sorcerer, 11 or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.” Deuteronomy 18:10, 11

These words of Deuteronomy simply forbid the practice, but they do not speak as to whether these things are false or not. In this case here in Acts, the words of the girl will be true. How she determined what to say can be debated, but what happens as a result of her continued words demonstrates that the spirit she possessed, had possession of her.

Life application: Whether such a spirit is real or not is less important than the fact that the matter is not of God. If it is the act of a charlatan, it is not of God. If it is a true evil spirit, it is not of God. Debating which spirit is real and which is false is pointless. What matters is that we are not to seek out such things. Their purpose is to direct people’s attention away from what is good. This is why the law of Moses forbids them. Likewise, Paul warns against associations with such things as well. For example, he says –

“Do not be unequally yoked together with unbelievers. For what fellowship has righteousness with lawlessness? And what communion has light with darkness? 15 And what accord has Christ with Belial? Or what part has a believer with an unbeliever? 16 And what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For you are the temple of the living God.” 2 Corinthians 6:14-16

Our allegiances are to be directed to Jesus Christ. Our thoughts are to be centered on Him and His word. To mix our lives with any other supposed spiritual realm, whether true or false, can only lead us away from a sound walk with Him. The Lord, through Isaiah, says it beautifully –

“And when they say to you, ‘Seek those who are mediums and wizards, who whisper and mutter,’ should not a people seek their God? Should they seek the dead on behalf of the living? 20 To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.” Isaiah 8:19, 20

Let us pay heed! Let us focus on God’s word. In this, we will do well.

Heavenly Father, help us to keep our focus on that which is right and proper. May we not get distracted by those things which can never profit our walk with You. In all things, may our lives be filled with You and Your goodness. Amen.